| Sumario: | Objectives: This study proposes a novel architecture for designing digital twins in healthcare units. Methods: A systematic research methodology was employed to develop architecture design patterns. In particular, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to answer specific research questions and provide guidelines for designing the architecture. Subsequently, a case study was designed and analyzed at a chemotherapy treatment center for outpatients. Results: System architecture knowledge was distilled from this real-world case study, supplemented by existing software and systems design patterns. A novel five-layer architecture for digital twins in healthcare units was proposed with a focus on the security and privacy of patients' information. Conclusion: The proposed digital twin architecture for healthcare units offers a comprehensive solution that provides modularity, scalability, security, and interoperability. The architecture provides a robust framework for effectively and efficiently managing healthcare environments.
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