An exploratory study of pacing and trajectories in elite open-water swimming using GPS and critical velocity modeling.
This study explores the use of GPS tracking to analyse pacing and trajectory patterns continuously throughout a 10-km open-water race. Five elite or world-class swimmers were monitored during the French National Championships using a global navigation satellite system device recording 1 Hz position...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 44; no. 6; pp. 741 - 756 |
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| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Mar2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191375123&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 191375123 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 02640414 5BV jtl: Journal of Sports Sciences issn: 02640414 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Mar2026 vid: 44 iid: 6 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 191375123 190315956 191375123 191375123 10.1080/02640414.2025.2605425 191375123 ppf: 741 ppct: 15 formats: tig: atl: An exploratory study of pacing and trajectories in elite open-water swimming using GPS and critical velocity modeling. aug: au: Pla, Robin Bouvet, Antoine affil: Performance Optimization, French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France sug: subj: Athletes, Elite France Swimming Global Positioning System Athletic Performance Evaluation Sporting Events Human Pilot Studies Exploratory Research Acceleration France Athletes, Male Time Series Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Linear Regression Confidence Intervals Male Funding Source Wearable Sensors Male ab: This study explores the use of GPS tracking to analyse pacing and trajectory patterns continuously throughout a 10-km open-water race. Five elite or world-class swimmers were monitored during the French National Championships using a global navigation satellite system device recording 1 Hz position data to assess latitude-longitude time series, distance, and modelled instantaneous swimming speed via locally estimated scatterplot smoothing. Based on individual critical velocity (CV), time and distance spent in four intensity zones (<98%CV, 98–100%CV, 100–102%CV, >102%CV) were calculated. Substantial intra- and inter-individual variability in pacing intensity and race trajectories were highlighted over the race. Swimmers covered a median of 10,262 m[10259– 10,268], spending 619 m[593–632] >CV and 8585 m[8346–9183] <98%CV. Marked differences in pacing regulations were observed, with the race winner delaying high-intensity efforts until the end-spurt and managing intra-lap periodic accelerations around buoys and feeding stations while remaining <98%CV. Conversely, early and sustained periods >CV could be associated with poorer outcomes. Beyond traditional split-time analysis, combining high-resolution GPS devices with CV modelling enabled spatiotemporal profiling of race dynamics and individual behaviour, offering novel tactical insights into pivotal race moments, drafting use and related trajectory selection. Although exploratory, this proof-of-concept supports advanced performance analysis in open-water elite swimming. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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