An exploratory semantic analysis of age-related stereotypes in OpenAI's GPT 4o model.

Background and Objectives Generative artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), is increasingly used to navigate information, potentially shaping users' perceptions of different social groups. This study examines age-related stereotypes in LLM-generated text using natural la...

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Publicado en:Gerontologist Vol. 66; no. 2; pp. 1 - 11
Autores principales: Hong, Wan, Choi, Moon
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Feb2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2026
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        atl: An exploratory semantic analysis of age-related stereotypes in OpenAI's GPT 4o model.
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          Hong, Wan
          Choi, Moon
        affil:
          Graduate School of Science and Technology Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
          Graduate School of Science and Technology Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Data Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
      su:
        Ageism
        Generative artificial intelligence
        Research funding
        Pilot projects
        Natural language processing
        Research bias
        Research
        Chatbots
        Regression analysis
      sug:
        subj:
          Ageism
          Generative artificial intelligence
          Research funding
          Pilot projects
          Natural language processing
          Research bias
          Research
          Chatbots
          Regression analysis
      keyword:
        Bias
        Large language model
        Bias
        Large language model
      ab: Background and Objectives Generative artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), is increasingly used to navigate information, potentially shaping users' perceptions of different social groups. This study examines age-related stereotypes in LLM-generated text using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Research Design and Methods To ensure neutrality, extensive pilot testing was conducted to craft a prompt that did not elicit bias yet generated coherent responses. The final prompt, "Describe the personality of a [AGE]-year-old person," was used with OpenAI's GPT-4o API in February 2025, varying AGE from 10 to 90 in 10-year increments. The analysis was guided by the Stereotype Content Model, which assesses social cognition along two key dimensions: warmth (sociability, morality) and competence (ability, assertiveness). Scores were quantified using sentence embeddings. Results Text similarity and stereotype content analyses revealed three age clusters, with older adults showing the most internal consistency. Descriptions of individuals aged 60 years and above featured relatively higher warmth but lower competence compared to younger groups. Notably, positive assertiveness terms were rarely used to describe older adults. Discussion and Implications Findings suggest that GPT-4o may embed subtle age-related stereotypes, even when using largely positive language. These patterns potentially influence user perceptions through repeated exposure. Future research should investigate the mechanisms behind these biases and explore mitigation strategies to promote more age-inclusive artificial intelligence–generated content.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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