What Drives Open-air Defecation and How Widespread Is It? A Mixed Methods Study from a Tribal Predominant Block of Jharkhand, India.
Background: Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for the elimination of open-air defecation (OAD) by 2030. Despite of many interventions including the recent Swachh Bharat Mission of India, its prevalence is high. Hence, this study was planned to estimate the burden and factors involved in prac...
| Publicado en: | Indian Journal of Community Medicine Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 131 - 138 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd
Jan/Feb2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191434172&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 191434172 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09700218 1CQJ jtl: Indian Journal of Community Medicine issn: 09700218 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jan/Feb2026 vid: 51 iid: 1 pid: 16919 pub: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd artinfo: ui: 191434172 191434172 191434172 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_469_24 191434172 ppf: 131 ppct: 7 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: What Drives Open-air Defecation and How Widespread Is It? A Mixed Methods Study from a Tribal Predominant Block of Jharkhand, India. aug: au: Richa, Richa Venugopal, Vinayagamoorthy Gupta, Pratima Jahnavi, G. Kumar, Rajesh Varshney, Saurabh affil: Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Deoghar, Jharkhand, India sug: subj: Defecation Toilet Facilities India Life Experiences Public Health Human India Female Male Adolescence Adult Middle Age Multimethod Studies Cross Sectional Studies Focus Groups Discussion Structured Questionnaires Random Sample Purposive Sample Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Odds Ratio Confidence Intervals Multivariate Analysis Thematic Analysis Logistic Regression Housing Rural Areas Home Safety Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Female Male ab: Background: Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) calls for the elimination of open-air defecation (OAD) by 2030. Despite of many interventions including the recent Swachh Bharat Mission of India, its prevalence is high. Hence, this study was planned to estimate the burden and factors involved in practice of OAD and to explore the perception of people about it. Methods: Explanatory sequential mixed methods design was adopted. (Quan: Community-based cross-sectional survey; qual: Focus Group Discussion (FGD)). Randomly selected adults of any gender residing in the study villages participated. A structured questionnaire was used for the survey, and those who practiced OAD were purposively selected for FGD. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated and reported with its 95% confidence interval. Analysis was done in SPSS software. Results: A total of 171 adults participated; of them, 56.7% were of the age group of 30–59 years; 69.6% were females. The prevalence of OAD was 58.5% (95% CI: 50.7–65.9). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that participants who either were illiterate or completed up to primary school, who lived in kutcha house and semi-pucca house, had 15.3 times (95% CI: 1.4–161), 9 (95% CI: 1.5–10.2) and 6.3 (95% CI: 1.8–22.2), higher odds of practicing OAD, respectively. The manual content analysis of the transcript resulted in emergence of two themes, namely, hindering and facilitating factors for OAD. Conclusion: The prevalence of OAD was higher among the tribal predominant study population. Those who had lower education status and living in kutcha house were at higher risk. Interventions addressing the identified factors remain essential to achieve SDG. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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