Characterization of emissions generated during additive manufacturing of polymer parts by the fused deposition modeling technique.

Additive manufacturing has developed steadily since it was first introduced in the 1980s, but it is not without occupational risks. The main objectives of this study were to characterize airborne particle and VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions generated by a 3D additive manufacturing using p...

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Publicado en:Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 8 - 18
Autores principales: Keller, François-Xavier, Robert, Laurence, Klingler, Jennifer
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jan2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
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      dt: Jan2026
      vid: 23
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1080/15459624.2025.2544739
        191515529
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        atl: Characterization of emissions generated during additive manufacturing of polymer parts by the fused deposition modeling technique.
      aug:
        au:
          Keller, François-Xavier
          Robert, Laurence
          Klingler, Jennifer
        affil: Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
      sug:
        subj:
          Air Pollutants, Occupational Analysis
          Polymers
          Ventilation Methods
          Printing, Three-Dimensional
          Occupational Exposure Analysis
          Occupational Exposure Prevention and Control
          Organic Chemicals Analysis
          Human
          Air Pollution, Indoor
          Environmental Monitoring
          Particulate Matter Analysis
          Alkanes
          Polyethylene Glycols Analysis
          Plastics
          Descriptive Statistics
      ab: Additive manufacturing has developed steadily since it was first introduced in the 1980s, but it is not without occupational risks. The main objectives of this study were to characterize airborne particle and VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emissions generated by a 3D additive manufacturing using polymers and to evaluate the effectiveness of local extraction ventilation as a control measure to reduce emissions. A comprehensive measurement methodology involving direct-reading instruments and active tube air sampling was deployed around and inside the machine. Three polymer materials were studied: ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate), and PETG (PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol). The same test part was fully manufactured three times with each material. During manufacturing, particle number concentrations and real-time VOC profiles, particularly focusing on styrene, were measured simultaneously. The extraction ventilation parameters on the Zortrax M300 3D printer were recorded and analyzed to assess how they affected pollutant containment and prevention of operator exposure. The number of particles measured for the various materials and their concentration suggest possible operator exposure to airborne particles. Total VOC concentration values were measured from ABS (432.8 µg/m3), ASA (124.1 µg/m3), and PETG (4.7 µg/m3). Real-time monitoring was done for styrene emissions during the manufacturing cycles for the three different materials tested, coupled with VOCs sampling on adsorbent tubes. Use of a local exhaust ventilation system reduced the airborne concentrations between 95% and 99%. It is therefore recommended that 3D printers be placed under an extraction system.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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