| Sumario: | Human papillomavirus is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide, particularly affecting men who have sex with men. While vaccination remains the most effective strategy for preventing human papillomavirus, limited evidence exists regarding the factors influencing vaccine intention in this population. This descriptive, cross-sectional study developed and tested a model of factors explaining human papillomavirus vaccination intention using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior, which included attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, sexual risk behaviors, and human papillomavirus knowledge. The participants were 331 men who have sex with men residing in four provinces across four regions of Thailand, via multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using online questionnaires, including the Demographic Data Form, the Attitude toward the Behavior Subscale, the Subjective Norm Subscale, the Perceived Behavioral Control Subscale, the Sexual Risk Behavior Questionnaire, the Mid-Adult Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge Scale, and the Behavioral Intention Subscale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and structural equation modeling. The findings showed that the participants had a high intention to receive the human papillomavirus vaccination. Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control collectively explained intention, accounting for 39.5% of the variance. Subjective norms have a strong influence on intention, both directly and indirectly, through attitude and perceived behavioral control. Sexual risk behaviors and knowledge of human papillomavirus did not significantly influence vaccination intention. The findings can be applied to develop programs to promote human papillomavirus vaccination intention by reinforcing positive attitudes, supporting subjective norms such as peer groups, and enhancing perceived behavioral control over human papillomavirus vaccination. However, this intervention must be tested before it can be used in practice.
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