Evaluation of Ginsenosides and Their Derivatives From Panax ginseng as Aromatase Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment—An in silico study.

Breast cancer, particularly estrogen receptor‐positive subtypes, is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Aromatase inhibitors, which target estrogen biosynthesis, are a cornerstone of therapeutic intervention. Panax ginseng, a widely recognized medicinal herb, contains bioactive co...

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Publicado en:BioMed Research International Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 17
Autores principales: Madhan, Jayasri Gokila, Sekaran, Surya, Akshaya, Rajeswari Nambirajan, Venkatesan, Khavyanjali, Kirupanandasamy, Kavin, Vijayakumar, Kiruthika, Jenifer, Nancy, Paul, Benedict Christopher, Tyagi, Abhishek
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 2/16/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2/16/2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1155/bmri/5538317
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        atl: Evaluation of Ginsenosides and Their Derivatives From Panax ginseng as Aromatase Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment—An in silico study.
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          Madhan, Jayasri Gokila
          Sekaran, Surya
          Akshaya, Rajeswari Nambirajan
          Venkatesan, Khavyanjali
          Kirupanandasamy, Kavin
          Vijayakumar, Kiruthika
          Jenifer, Nancy
          Paul, Benedict Christopher
          Tyagi, Abhishek
        affil: Department of Biotechnology, , Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, , Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, , Chennai, India, sriramachandra.edu.in
      sug:
        subj:
          Breast Neoplasms Drug Therapy
          Glycosides Pharmacodynamics
          Ginseng Pharmacodynamics
          Aromatase Inhibitors Pharmacodynamics
          Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent Drug Therapy
          Treatment Outcomes
          Human
          Molecular Docking Simulation
          Molecular Structure
          Bioinformatics
          Ligands
          Biological Availability
          Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Neoplasms Drug Therapy
          Public Health
      ab: Breast cancer, particularly estrogen receptor‐positive subtypes, is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Aromatase inhibitors, which target estrogen biosynthesis, are a cornerstone of therapeutic intervention. Panax ginseng, a widely recognized medicinal herb, contains bioactive compounds known as ginsenosides, which possess various pharmacological activities, including anticancer properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the potential of ginsenosides and their derivatives from Panax ginseng as aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer treatment through in silico methods. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding affinities of ginsenosides to aromatase, a critical enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis. The results indicated that several ginsenosides exhibited strong binding affinities, with Protopanaxadiol demonstrating the highest affinity (−10.0 kcal/mol) and an estimated Ki value of 46.77 nM. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the protopanaxadiol‐aromatase complex, highlighting its consistent binding interactions and minimal structural fluctuations. Pharmacokinetic evaluations suggested that most ginsenosides adhered to drug‐likeness criteria, although certain derivatives showed deviations that may affect bioavailability. However, toxicity predictions revealed a predominantly low toxicity profile, with some concerns related to hepatotoxicity and mutagenicity for specific compounds. The findings from this study highlight the potential of ginsenosides and their derivatives as viable candidates and protopanaxadiol as a promising lead compound for further experimental investigation as aromatase inhibitors, offering a promising alternative or adjunct to conventional breast cancer therapies.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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