Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.
This study examines the effects of SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) on early neurodevelopment, focusing on sex-specific vulnerabilities related to early behavioral and regulatory functions, which may be precursors to later developmental or cognitive challenges. A total of 107 moth...
| Publicado en: | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 239 - 252 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
Jan2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=191657822&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 191657822 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 10188827 EJ3 jtl: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry issn: 10188827 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jan2026 vid: 35 iid: 1 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 191657822 187546603 191657822 191657822 10.1007/s00787-025-02837-z 191657822 ppf: 239 ppct: 13 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation. aug: au: Díaz-Pons, Alexandre Castaño-Castaño, Sergio Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa affil: https://ror.org/025gxrt12 Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Mentales, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, España sug: subj: COVID-19 Complications Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Immunology Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Immunology Sex Factors Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood Child Development Evaluation Reflex Evaluation Scales Human Funding Source Pregnancy Female Male Nonexperimental Studies Prospective Studies Mother-Infant Relations Spain Academic Medical Centers Polymerase Chain Reaction State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Psychological Tests Cytokines Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Descriptive Statistics Chi Square Test T-Tests Analysis of Variance Mann-Whitney U Test Analysis of Covariance Post Hoc Analysis Two-Tailed Test Income Interleukins Blood Infant, Newborn Infant Adult Infant, Newborn: birth-1 month Infant: 1-23 months Adult: 19-44 years Female Male ab: This study examines the effects of SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) on early neurodevelopment, focusing on sex-specific vulnerabilities related to early behavioral and regulatory functions, which may be precursors to later developmental or cognitive challenges. A total of 107 mother-infant dyads from the COGESTCOV-19 study were analyzed to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes in male and female infants at six weeks using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Maternal and newborn cytokine levels—specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio—were measured at the first prenatal visit at the time of study enrolment and at birth to evaluate inflammatory responses and homeostatic balance. Neither maternal nor newborn cytokine levels differed significantly between cases and controls. Significant sex-specific differences were observed in neurodevelopmental outcomes related to maternal SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Female infants exposed in utero showed significantly reduced performance in orientation and state regulation measures compared to exposed male infants and unexposed male and female controls. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2-induced MIA — not limited to IL-6/IL-10 balance — may have a differential impact on early neurodevelopment based on sex, underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to mitigate these effects. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific differences and their long-term implications for neurodevelopment. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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