Exploring Behavioral Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in Cambodia: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background/Objectives: Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are more effective in improving maternal and birth outcomes compared to iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation during pregnancy. High adherence to MMS is critical to achieving all the anticipated health benefits. Therefore, to ensure...

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Published in:Nutrients Vol. 18; no. 4; pp. 583 - 603
Main Authors: Sauer, Cassandra, Sokchea, Meng, Sreang, Sambo, Kroeun, Hou, Hun, Vannary, Sen Gupta, Aman, Rattana, Kim, Chea, Mary, Hoang, Mai-Anh
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: MDPI Feb2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2026
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      pub: MDPI
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        10.3390/nu18040583
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        atl: Exploring Behavioral Interventions to Enhance Adherence to Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in Cambodia: A Mixed-Methods Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Sauer, Cassandra
          Sokchea, Meng
          Sreang, Sambo
          Kroeun, Hou
          Hun, Vannary
          Sen Gupta, Aman
          Rattana, Kim
          Chea, Mary
          Hoang, Mai-Anh
        affil: Food, Nutrition & Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Micronutrients
          Dietary Supplementation Education
          Health Behavior Education
          Patient Compliance Education
          Maternal Behavior Education
          Expectant Mothers Education
          Outcomes of Education Evaluation
          Program Implementation
          Program Evaluation
          Human
          Multimethod Studies
          Cambodia
          Female
          Adult
          Implementation Science
          Patient Attitudes
          Focus Groups
          Thematic Analysis
          Audiovisuals
          Structured Interview Guides
          Semi-Structured Interview
          Content Analysis
          Descriptive Statistics
          Prenatal Care
          Office Visits
          Funding Source
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
      ab: Background/Objectives: Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are more effective in improving maternal and birth outcomes compared to iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation during pregnancy. High adherence to MMS is critical to achieving all the anticipated health benefits. Therefore, to ensure successful program implementation of transitioning to MMS in Cambodia, implementation research has been prioritized. The objective of this study was to assess the relevance, acceptability, utility and short-term, exploratory adherence outcomes of three behavioral interventions designed to support adherence to daily MMS intake and to promote healthy pregnancy practices. Methods: This mixed-methods study, conducted in four provinces in Cambodia, involved 12 focus group discussions (FGD) with 36 pregnant women who were exposed to three distinct behavioral interventions (family support, a tracking calendar, and educational videos). FGDs were held after three weeks of exposure to each intervention. Data was analyzed using a COM-B model, with inductive codes added to capture emerging themes. Results: Family support emerged as the most preferred and perceived as the most effective intervention, with participants consistently valuing the presence, encouragement, and practical assistance offered by husbands and other close family members. The second most preferred were educational videos, which were perceived to effectively convey key messages in an engaging, relatable way, overcoming literacy barriers. Finally, the calendar supported habit formation and appealed to first-time mothers but posed challenges for low-literacy users. Across interventions, findings reflect participants' perceived effectiveness and preferences rather than comparative efficacy. Conclusions: This study provided insights into Cambodian women's preferences and experiences with three distinct interventions designed to improve adherence over a short-term, 3-week exposure period per intervention. An integrated, multilevel approach that combines family-focused, educational, and system-level strategies is recommended for further piloting and scale-up, with longer-term studies needed to assess comparative efficacy for adherence and health outcomes.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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