Lexical Silencing: How to Suppress Speech with Negative Words.

This paper will introduce "lexical silencing" as a new linguistic phenomenon, i.e., positive statements about something are made more difficult to express when the only (or the predominant) word for it in a language is a negative word. A good example is the term "political correctness," which carrie...

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Publicado en:Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy Vol. 45; no. 1; pp. 5 - 16
Autor principal: Liu, Chang
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Mar2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2026
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        atl: Lexical Silencing: How to Suppress Speech with Negative Words.
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        au: Liu, Chang
        affil: https://ror.org/0220qvk04 School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang Dist, 200240, Shanghai, China
      su:
        Political correctness
        Constraints (Linguistics)
        Discriminatory language
        Censorship
        Public communication
        Functional linguistics
        Persuasion (Rhetoric)
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          Political correctness
          Constraints (Linguistics)
          Discriminatory language
          Censorship
          Public communication
          Functional linguistics
          Persuasion (Rhetoric)
      keyword:
        Communication and Culture Linguistics
        Language
        Lexical silencing
        Pejoratives
        Philosophy of language
        Slurs
        Speech acts
      ab: This paper will introduce "lexical silencing" as a new linguistic phenomenon, i.e., positive statements about something are made more difficult to express when the only (or the predominant) word for it in a language is a negative word. A good example is the term "political correctness," which carries negative connotations in English but has no easy alternative to replace it. Suppose a supporter attempts to explicitly endorse it by saying something like "Political correctness should be a fundamental value of the society." Positive statements like this sound somewhat weird and even self-defeating to the hearers, and are therefore difficult to be expressed in the public discourse. Moreover, I will identify at least two linguistic mechanisms of lexical silencing: First, slurs can make it difficult to say something positive about a group because slurs provide the illocutionary force of derogation, which conflicts with forces like praising. Second, what I call "loaded words" (e.g., "political correctness") are not explicitly derogatory like slurs, but they can achieve similar effects by producing perlocutionary effects on the psycho-linguistic process of hearers. This paper will also discuss the various sources of lexical silencing and possible strategies for mitigating them.
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    language: English
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