History of Use Cannot Explain the Derogatory Impact of Slurs: The Case of Multimorphemic Slurs in Danish.

Various theoretical approaches have sought to account for the derogatory impact of ethnic slurs, paradigmatically exemplified by nouns such as 'Kike or 'Spic'. Content-based accounts of this derogatory impact hold that it owes to a slur's conventional content, e.g., semantic content or conventional...

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Published in:Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy Vol. 45; no. 1; pp. 91 - 103
Main Author: Petersen, Esben Nedenskov
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Mar2026
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Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2026
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        atl: History of Use Cannot Explain the Derogatory Impact of Slurs: The Case of Multimorphemic Slurs in Danish.
      aug:
        au: Petersen, Esben Nedenskov
        affil: https://ror.org/03yrrjy16 Department for Design, Media, and Educational Science, Section for Philosophy, and Department for Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
      su:
        Taboo
        Danes
        Social stigma
        Discriminatory language
        Lexicology
      sug:
        subj:
          Taboo
          Danes
          Social stigma
          Discriminatory language
          Lexicology
      keyword:
        Construction morphology
        Conventional implicature
        Expressive meaning
        History of use
        Multimorphemic expressions
        Slurs
      ab: Various theoretical approaches have sought to account for the derogatory impact of ethnic slurs, paradigmatically exemplified by nouns such as 'Kike or 'Spic'. Content-based accounts of this derogatory impact hold that it owes to a slur's conventional content, e.g., semantic content or conventional implicature. Alternatives to such content-based accounts instead argue that the source of a slur's derogatory impact resides outside its content. According to one family of such alternative approaches, a slur's derogatory effect derives from facts about its use history, especially facts relating to its use by speakers with hateful views of the slur's targets. According to prohibitionism, another alternative to content-based accounts, the derogatory impact of using a slur arises from the presence of a social taboo prohibiting the term's use. This paper discusses how slurs denigrate, focusing primarily on certain multimorphemic slurs in Danish. These multimorphemic slurs, I argue, pose a previously unrecognized problem for history of use accounts. I also briefly argue against prohibitionism and accounts which hold that a slur's derogatory impact owes to its semantic content. After concluding that the derogatory impact of multimorphemic slurs in Danish cannot owe to history of use, taboo or semantic content, I argue that the evidence supports a conventional implicature account of how these terms denigrate.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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    language: English
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