In vitro study of antifungal effects of earthworm coelomic fluid obtained from Eisenia fetida on three opportunistic fungal pathogens.

Background and Purpose: Pathogenic fungi, including both true and opportunistic pathogens, pose significant health risks, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Species, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause fatal infections and frequently develo...

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Publicado en:Current Medical Mycology Vol. 11; pp. 1 - 8
Autores principales: Sanaiirad, Saeed, Seifi, Mehrdad, Hemmati, Negar, Khosravi, Alireza, Nikaein, Donya
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2025
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      pub: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
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        10.22034/cmm.2025.345248.1637
        192026139
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        atl: In vitro study of antifungal effects of earthworm coelomic fluid obtained from Eisenia fetida on three opportunistic fungal pathogens.
      aug:
        au:
          Sanaiirad, Saeed
          Seifi, Mehrdad
          Hemmati, Negar
          Khosravi, Alireza
          Nikaein, Donya
        affil: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
      sug:
        subj:
          Antifungal Agents Pharmacodynamics
          Invertebrates
          Candida Albicans Drug Effects
          Aspergillus Drug Effects
          Cryptococcus Drug Effects
          Mycoses Drug Therapy
          Body Fluids
          In Vitro Studies
          Animal Studies
          Models, Biological
          Funding Source
          Electroporation
          Centrifugation
          Indicator Dilution Techniques
          Descriptive Statistics
          Culture Media
          Iran
      ab: Background and Purpose: Pathogenic fungi, including both true and opportunistic pathogens, pose significant health risks, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Species, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause fatal infections and frequently develop resistance to conventional antifungal therapies. Limitations of current antifungal medications, such as drug toxicity, resistance development, and environmental concerns, highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Earthworm extracts, particularly those derived from Eisenia fetida, have been recognized as a promising alternative in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to assess the antifungal effects of a peptide extract from E. fetida against these opportunistic fungal pathogens. Materials and Methods: The earthworm extract was obtained from E. fetida through electroporation and centrifugation to isolate bioactive components. Composition of the extract was analyzed in detail; accordingly, protein content was determined using the Bradford and Kjeldahl methods, fat content was measured via Soxhlet extraction, and moisture, dry matter, and ash contents were also quantified to provide a comprehensive profile. To evaluate antifungal activity, fungal cultures of A. fumigatus, C. albicans, and C. neoformans were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The disk diffusion method was used to assess antifungal activity by measuring inhibition zones surrounding extractcontaining disks. A dilution series of the E. fetida extract was also prepared to further analyze antifungal effects. The broth microdilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for each fungal species, providing quantitative data on the effectiveness of the extract. Results: The coelomic fluid extracted from E. fetida contained 60.03% protein, 8.136% fat, 6.91% ash, 6.03% moisture, and 8.65% dry matter. Disk diffusion assays revealed significant inhibition of A. fumigatus and C. albicans, with the extract exhibiting stronger effects at higher concentrations. In broth microdilution assays, the extract achieved MIC/MFC values of 12.5%/25% against A. fumigatus and 3.125%/6.25% against Candida albicans. However, its efficacy against C. neoformans was lower, while the commercial antifungal drug, itraconazole, demonstrated superior efficacy against all tested strains. Conclusion: Earthworm extracts, rich in antimicrobial peptides, exhibit promising antifungal properties, particularly against C. albicans. Although not as effective as itraconazole, the potential of the extract as a safer and environmentally friendly alternative underscores its significance in antifungal research. Further studies are needed to enhance its efficacy and broaden its antifungal spectrum, potentially leading to new, sustainable strategies for managing fungal infections.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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