Identifying the Demographic and Internet Use Characteristics of Technology-Facilitated Child Sex Offenders Operating in the Australian, U.S. and U.K. General Population.

Research on technology-facilitated child sex offenders outside of forensic and clinical samples is scarce but necessary to inform prevention, early intervention, and investigation. This article describes and compares the demographic characteristics and internet use habits of technology-facilitated c...

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Published in:Journal of Interpersonal Violence Vol. 41; no. 7/8; pp. 1544 - 1570
Main Authors: Salter, Michael, Whitten, Tyson, Woodlock, Delanie, Stevenson, James, Mat Rani, Syimah, Fry, Deborah
Format: Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Apr2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2026
      vid: 41
      iid: 7/8
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
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        atl: Identifying the Demographic and Internet Use Characteristics of Technology-Facilitated Child Sex Offenders Operating in the Australian, U.S. and U.K. General Population.
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          Salter, Michael
          Whitten, Tyson
          Woodlock, Delanie
          Stevenson, James
          Mat Rani, Syimah
          Fry, Deborah
        affil:
          University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
          University of Edinburgh, UK
      su:
        United Kingdom
        Australia
        United States
        Child sexual abuse & psychology
        Compulsive behavior
        Prevention of child sexual abuse
        Internet access
        Internet addiction
        Social media
        Child welfare
        Cross-sectional method
        Sexual orientation
        Sex offenders
        Income
        Violence
        Electronic commerce
        Socioeconomic factors
        Privacy
        Residential patterns
        Human sexuality
        Internet pornography addiction
        Age distribution
        Dating (Social customs)
        Men who have sex with men
        Race
        Marital status
        Sociodemographic factors
        Medical ethics
        Educational attainment
        Employment
        Friendship
        Video games
        Blogs
        Risk assessment
        Legal status of sex offenders
        Computer software
        Early medical intervention
        Research funding
        Statistical sampling
        Logistic regression analysis
        Shopping
        Descriptive statistics
        Odds ratio
        Videoconferencing
        Research
        Statistics
        Comparative studies
        Text messages
        Confidence intervals
        Data analysis software
        Disease incidence
      sug:
        subj:
          Child sexual abuse & psychology
          Compulsive behavior
          Prevention of child sexual abuse
          Internet access
          Internet addiction
          Social media
          Child welfare
          Cross-sectional method
          Sexual orientation
          Sex offenders
          Income
          Violence
          Electronic commerce
          Socioeconomic factors
          Privacy
          Residential patterns
          Human sexuality
          Internet pornography addiction
          Age distribution
          Dating (Social customs)
          Men who have sex with men
          Race
          Marital status
          Sociodemographic factors
          Medical ethics
          Educational attainment
          Employment
          Friendship
          Video games
          Blogs
          United Kingdom
          Australia
          United States
          Software publishers (except video game publishers)
          Computer and software stores
          Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers
          Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Home entertainment equipment merchant wholesalers
          Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing
          Video game publishers
          Video game design and development services
          All Other Business Support Services
          Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
          Electronic Shopping
          Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite)
          Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals
          Risk assessment
          Legal status of sex offenders
          Computer software
          Early medical intervention
          Research funding
          Statistical sampling
          Logistic regression analysis
          Shopping
          Descriptive statistics
          Odds ratio
          Videoconferencing
          Research
          Statistics
          Comparative studies
          Text messages
          Confidence intervals
          Data analysis software
          Disease incidence
      keyword:
        child maltreatment
        criminology
        internet and abuse
        offenders/perpetrators
        prevention
        sexual abuse
        child maltreatment
        criminology
        internet and abuse
        offenders/perpetrators
        prevention
        sexual abuse
      ab: Research on technology-facilitated child sex offenders outside of forensic and clinical samples is scarce but necessary to inform prevention, early intervention, and investigation. This article describes and compares the demographic characteristics and internet use habits of technology-facilitated child sex offenders sourced from three quota-based samples comparable to the Australian (n = 1,945), U.S. (n = 1,473), and U.K. (n = 1,506) adult male population. The odds (99% CI) of technology-facilitated child sex offending, relative to non-offenders, were calculated for demographic factors (e.g. age, sexual orientation, and number of children in household), hours per day spent online, frequency of engagement in common online behaviours (e.g. sending emails, online messaging, and private video chatting), use of social media platforms (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat), online pornography viewership, and use of privacy software (e.g. The Onion Router [TOR], Telegram, and Element). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, educational attainment, household income, and residential location were conducted separately for each sample, with effect sizes formally compared between countries. The study identified significantly higher rates of technology-facilitated offending against children in the United States (10.9%) compared to Australia (7.5%) and United Kingdom (7.0%). Online offenders were between 2 and 3.7 times more likely to work with children and, depending on the jurisdiction, were significantly more likely to be employed, married/living with a partner, have a bachelor's degree or higher, and live with a child. Across all jurisdictions, technology-facilitated offenders were significantly more sexually active online, including paying for sexual services and content, visiting romance and dating websites, and viewing violent or animal pornography. The article considers the implications of these findings for prevention, early intervention, and more effective detection of technology-facilitated offending, including the role of internet regulation and the financial sector in online child protection.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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