Why the OSCE endures: the Helsinki Final Act at 50 in illiberal central Asia.

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is widely criticized for its inability to fulfil its liberal reform agenda, and many view it as a defunct institution amid the broader crisis of the liberal international order. With the Helsinki Final Act having turned 50 in August 202...

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Publicado en:International Affairs Vol. 102; no. 2; pp. 659 - 677
Autores principales: Fazendeiro, Bernardo Teles, Freire, Maria Raquel, Nascimento, Daniela
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Mar2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Why the OSCE endures: the Helsinki Final Act at 50 in illiberal central Asia.
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          Fazendeiro, Bernardo Teles
          Freire, Maria Raquel
          Nascimento, Daniela
        affil: University of Coimbra, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal
      su:
        Asia
        Eurasia
        Russia
        Organization for Security & Co-operation in Europe
        Sovereignty
        Authoritarianism
        Human rights
        Treaties
        International security
        International organization
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          Sovereignty
          Authoritarianism
          Human rights
          Treaties
          International security
          Asia
          Eurasia
          Russia
          Organization for Security & Co-operation in Europe
          International organization
      keyword:
        central Asia
        copyrightHolder:The Royal Institute of International Affairs
        copyrightYear:2026
        inLanguage:en
        international institutions
        International Relations theory
        liberalism
        OSCE
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf267
        sovereignty
        central Asia
        copyrightHolder:The Royal Institute of International Affairs
        copyrightYear:2026
        inLanguage:en
        international institutions
        International Relations theory
        liberalism
        OSCE
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf267
        sovereignty
      ab: The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is widely criticized for its inability to fulfil its liberal reform agenda, and many view it as a defunct institution amid the broader crisis of the liberal international order. With the Helsinki Final Act having turned 50 in August 2025, this article asks why the OSCE persists despite its apparent failures and the criticism from its illiberal members. It argues that the organization endures not because of its liberal achievements and purposes, but because of its dual nature as an enterprise association and as a civil association grounded in sovereign equality. While the OSCE has struggled to promote democracy and human rights, particularly in the face of contestation by Russia and rising illiberalism across Eurasia, it continues to be a platform for principled internationalism. This article shows how states in central Asia have curtailed the organization's liberal agenda while remaining members in order to retain an equal voice in multilateral dialogue and to adapt its reformist agenda to their benefit. The OSCE's persistence, therefore, reflects not institutional failure but the enduring appeal of a civil association based on sovereign equality—a principle that tenuously binds its diverse members, even amid deep political division across Eurasia.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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