Indexing Imams: The Urdu Shiʿi Practice of Khiṭābat.

Khiṭābat (oratory) is a regular and integral part of the ritual lives of Urdu-speaking Shiʿa devotees in contemporary Karachi, Pakistan. Drawing on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that indexicality, the physical relationship between a sign and its context of use, is necessary to any...

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Publicado en:Journal of the American Academy of Religion Vol. 94; no. 1; pp. 106 - 125
Autor principal: Jafri, Mohammad Nabeel
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Mar2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        Indexicals (Semantics)
        Shiites
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        Ethnology research
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          Karachi (Pakistan)
          Pakistan
          Indexicals (Semantics)
          Shiites
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          Ethnology research
          Oratory
      ab: Khiṭābat (oratory) is a regular and integral part of the ritual lives of Urdu-speaking Shiʿa devotees in contemporary Karachi, Pakistan. Drawing on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that indexicality, the physical relationship between a sign and its context of use, is necessary to any analysis of oratory. My emphasis on the physical contexts redresses the existing emphasis on referentiality (meaning) or pragmatism (function) with which scholars approach oratory. I make my argument by attending to the ways in which the first, fifth, seventh, and ninth Shiʿi imams, the male descendants of Prophet Muhammad and around whom the Twelver Shiʿi tradition later coalesced, were invoked by orators during my fieldwork, with each invocation indelibly intertwined with the physical contexts in which it took place.
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