Can a participant‐referred 'study buddy' increase retention of rural people who use drugs in research? A multi‐site, randomized trial.

Aims: To test the efficacy of a participant‐referred "study buddy" intervention compared with standard retention strategies in retaining rural people who use drugs (PWUD) in longitudinal research. Design: Multi‐site, two‐arm, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rural counties in Ohio, Oregon, and...

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Published in:Addiction Vol. 121; no. 4; pp. 894 - 908
Main Authors: Young, April M., Lancaster, Kathryn E., Elman, Miriam R., Bielavitz, Sarann, Cook, Ryan R., Estadt, Angela T., Enderle, Madison N., Freeman, Edward, Lapidus, Jodi, Korthuis, Philip T.
Format: research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Apr2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        atl: Can a participant‐referred 'study buddy' increase retention of rural people who use drugs in research? A multi‐site, randomized trial.
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          Young, April M.
          Lancaster, Kathryn E.
          Elman, Miriam R.
          Bielavitz, Sarann
          Cook, Ryan R.
          Estadt, Angela T.
          Enderle, Madison N.
          Freeman, Edward
          Lapidus, Jodi
          Korthuis, Philip T.
        affil: Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY,, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Substance Abuse, Intravenous Therapy
          Persons with Substance Use Disorders Psychosocial Factors
          Rural Population
          Research Subject Retention
          Treatment Outcomes
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          United States
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Prospective Studies
          Peer Group
          Health Services Accessibility
          Methamphetamine Adverse Effects
          Heroin Adverse Effects
          Transportation
          Incarceration
          Logistic Regression
          Statistical Significance
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          Funding Source
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Aims: To test the efficacy of a participant‐referred "study buddy" intervention compared with standard retention strategies in retaining rural people who use drugs (PWUD) in longitudinal research. Design: Multi‐site, two‐arm, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rural counties in Ohio, Oregon, and Kentucky, USA. Participants: People enrolled in the Peer‐based Retention Of people who Use Drugs in Rural Research (PROUD‐R2) study who were 18 years or older, resided in the study area, and used opioids or injected any drug to get high in the past 30 days between August 2020 and August 2022. Participants (n = 739) were 42% female, mostly White (89%) and non‐Hispanic (96%), unstably housed (57%), and reported lifetime injection drug use (93%). The most common drugs of choice were methamphetamine (42%) and heroin (38%). Intervention and Comparator: Participants were allocated (1:1, stratified by site), to: [1] standard retention approach involving appointment reminders and contact information updates by study staff (n = 365), or [2] the intervention arm, receiving the standard retention approach and asked to recruit a "study buddy" (n = 374). Study buddies were invited to view a training video and instructed to encourage their intervention participant to attend follow‐up appointments. Measurements Intervention, control, and study buddy participants completed interviewer‐administered surveys at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Outcomes included retention at 12 months (primary) and 6 months (secondary). Findings Retention was 50.3% at 6 months and 46.1% at 12 months. Only 23.5% of intervention participants recruited a study buddy. In intent‐to‐treat analyses, the intervention did not increase retention at 12 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.47) or 6 (AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.69–1.34) months. Conclusions: Recruitment of self‐identified "study buddies" did not appear to statistically significantly improve retention of rural people who use drugs in this longitudinal study at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up relative to standard retention approaches.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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