人口高质量发展背景下的社会保障可持续性: 逻辑理路、关键议题与提升路径.
Population development is a foundational, comprehensive and strategic issue concerning the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Social security is a crucial component of the national governance system, and its sustainability can directly impact people's livelihood security and social fairness....
| Publicado en: | Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences) Vol. 46; no. 1; pp. 177 - 192 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Social Sciences) Editorial Office
2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| Sumario: | Population development is a foundational, comprehensive and strategic issue concerning the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Social security is a crucial component of the national governance system, and its sustainability can directly impact people's livelihood security and social fairness. Against the macro backdrop of profound population structure transformation and national governance system modernization in the process ess of Chinese modernization, there is an urgent need to clarify the "symbiosis and mutual construction" relationship between the high-quality development of population and the sustainability of social security. The research findings are as follows. (1) The relationship between population and social security has transcended the linear relationship of "pressure-response" model, evolving into a dynamic collaborative relationship of "symbiosis and mutual construction" by deep integration. Both population and social security are paramount issues for national governance and stability and have the same value goal of "free and comprehensive development of people". High-quality development of population provides the driving force for social security, while the sustainability of social security relieves concerns for population development. The practical fields of population and social security are inextricably interwoven. Population structure directly determines the demand level, program design, and responsibility sharing of social security, while social security profoundly shapes the life-cycle trajectories and behavioral decisions of different population groups. Following the three principles of feedback loop, systematic equilibrium and proactive intervention, the relationship of "symbiosis and mutual construction" between population and social security is concretely manifested as mutual constructions in terms of value-goal, institution-policy, process-behavior and spacetime-context. (2) High-quality development of population affects the sustainability of social security. Theoretically, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between population size and social security sustainability. Changes in population quality and distribution have a positive impact, whereas changes in population structure have a negative impact on the sustainability of social security via the income growth mechanism, resource allocation mechanism, and disparity convergence mechanism. In practice, key issues in population development can affect social security sustainability. These issues include the declining birth rates and lagging adjustments in the fertility support policies, accelerating population aging and the imbalance and insufficiency of basic elderly care services, shrinking working-age population and the safety of social security funds, increasing workers in new form economy and challenges to the protection of social insurance rights, and regional population divergence and the difficulty of national pooling for social security. (3) To enhance the positive relationship of "symbiosis and mutual construction" between population and social security, the development of the social security system is inevitable. For objectives and values, it should be more inclusive, synergistic, balanced, and adaptive. For the key pathways, efforts should focus on enhancing fair accessibility, systemic coordination, security and standardization, and effectiveness and convenience. Specifically, it should further improve the security coverage and clarify the bodies responsibility. Also, accurate identification mechanism is necessary to include more new form economy workers in social security. Furthermore, integrate the funds to gradually transitioning from central adjustment to national pooling, and develop digital social security to establish a convenient and efficient service delivery system. Only through systematic and prospective institutional innovation to shift social security from passive response to active adaptation and strategic investment, can the pressures of population transformation be resolved, thereby laying the livelihood foundation for Chinese modernization. 人口发展是关系中华民族伟大复兴的基础性、全局性、战略性议题。社会保 障作为国家治理体系的重要组成部分, 其可持续性直接关系民生安全与社会公平。 立足中国式现代化进程中人口结构深刻转型与国家治理体系现代化的宏观背景, 亟 须厘清人口高质量发展与社会保障可持续性之间的"共生互构"关系。 研究发现: (1) 人口与社会保障突破了"压力—回应"式的线性关系, 已深度融合 为动态协同、相互塑造的"共生互构"关系。人口与社会保障在价值目标上统一于"人 的自由而全面发展", 人口高质量发展为社会保障提供主体动能, 社会保障可持续性 为人口发展解除后顾之忧。人口与社会保障的实践场域相互交织, 人口结构直接决 定了社会保障的需求水平、项目设计与责任分担, 社会保障深刻形塑不同人口群体的 生命周期轨迹与行为决策。遵循反馈循环、系统均衡与前瞻干预三大规律, 人口与社 会保障的共生互构具体体现为价值—目标互构、制度—政策互构、过程—行为互构和 时空—情境互构。 (2) 人口高质量发展影响社会保障可持续性。理论上, 人口规模与 社会保障可持续性呈现倒 U 型关系, 人口素质变化和人口分布变化对社会保障可持 续性具有正向影响, 人口结构变化对社会保障可持续性有负向影响, 具体影响机制包 括收入增长机制、资源配置机制和差距收敛机制。实践上, 人口出生率下降与生育保 障政策调整滞后、人口老龄化加速与基本养老服务不平衡不充分、劳动力人口减少与 社会保障基金安全、新业态就业人数增加与社会保险权益保障挑战、区域人口增减分 化与社会保障全国统筹难题是人口发展影响社会保障可持续性的关键问题。 (3) 推 动人口与社会保障走向积极的共生互构, 社会保障制度建设在目标理念上应当更加 包容、协同、均衡、适应, 在关键路径上应当增强公平可及、系统协调、安全规范、有效 便捷程度, 进而补充完善保障内容, 明确各主体责任边界; 精准识别保障对象, 将更多 新业态就业者纳入保障范畴; 统筹整合保障基金, 逐步从中央调剂过渡至真正的全国 统筹; 数字赋能社会保障管理, 形成便民高效的经办服务体系。 唯有通过系统性、前瞻性的制度创新, 推动社会保障从被动回应转向主动适配和 战略投资, 才能化解人口转型带来的压力, 为推进中国式现代化奠定民生基础。 |
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