Demographic and socioeconomic risk factors for pain progression and recurrence in middle-aged and older adults: multistate analysis of a prospective English cohort study.

Background While demographic and socioeconomic factors such as female sex and socioeconomic disadvantage are well-established risk factors for pain onset, previous studies examining long-term pain trajectories give mixed results and often overlook how pain fluctuates. This study identified demograph...

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Publicado en:Age & Ageing Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 1 - 9
Autores principales: Bloomberg, Mikaela, Bu, Feifei, Fancourt, Daisy, Steptoe, Andrew
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jan2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2026
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        10.1093/ageing/afaf364
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        atl: Demographic and socioeconomic risk factors for pain progression and recurrence in middle-aged and older adults: multistate analysis of a prospective English cohort study.
      aug:
        au:
          Bloomberg, Mikaela
          Bu, Feifei
          Fancourt, Daisy
          Steptoe, Andrew
        affil:
          University College London Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
          University College London Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care - Department of Behavioural Science and Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
      su:
        Social determinants of health
        Socioeconomic factors
        Sex distribution
        Pain
        Demography
        Pain measurement
        Chronic pain
        Research funding
        Socioeconomic disparities in health
        Longitudinal method
        Disease relapse
        Confidence intervals
        Data analysis software
        Disease progression
      sug:
        subj:
          Social determinants of health
          Socioeconomic factors
          Sex distribution
          Pain
          Demography
          Pain measurement
          Chronic pain
          Research funding
          Socioeconomic disparities in health
          Longitudinal method
          Disease relapse
          Confidence intervals
          Data analysis software
          Disease progression
      keyword:
        chronic pain
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        demography
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaf364
        inLanguage:en
        older adult
        older people
        pain
        pain severity
        pain trajectory
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482956/
        social determinants of health
        socioeconomic factors
        chronic pain
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        demography
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaf364
        inLanguage:en
        older adult
        older people
        pain
        pain severity
        pain trajectory
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482956/
        social determinants of health
        socioeconomic factors
      ab: Background While demographic and socioeconomic factors such as female sex and socioeconomic disadvantage are well-established risk factors for pain onset, previous studies examining long-term pain trajectories give mixed results and often overlook how pain fluctuates. This study identified demographic and socioeconomic risk factors for pain progression, remission and recurrence using multistate models to capture the dynamic nature of long-term pain. Methods Data were drawn from 9369 adults aged 50–98 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (study years: 2002/03–2021/23). The baseline wave for each participant was their first wave of pain (moderate–severe or mild pain). Pain severity at subsequent waves was categorised into three states: (i) moderate–severe; (ii) mild; or (iii) none. We used multistate models to examine associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with pain improvement (state 1–2), worsening (state 2–1), remission (state 1–3) and recurrence (state 3–1). Results Findings particularly highlighted sex and socioeconomic disparities: compared with males, females were less likely to experience pain improvement (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.74–0.96) or remission (HR = 0.72, 0.64–0.80), and more likely to experience recurrence (HR = 1.45, 1.25–1.68). More education was associated with pain improvement (HR = 1.43, 1.16–1.76) and remission (HR = 1.30, 1.07–1.58), and lower risk of worsening (HR = 0.52, 0.42–0.64) and recurrence (HR = 0.67, 0.52–0.85); similar patterns were observed for wealth, with greater wealth associated with more favourable pain trajectories. Conclusion Pain fluctuates over time, following socially patterned trajectories, with women and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals more likely to experience persistent or recurring pain. These findings highlight the importance of risk-stratified approaches, including proactive monitoring and management.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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