Enhancing tree testing analysis to improve the usability evaluation of websites.

Tree testing is a technique used in the early stages of Information Architecture to design the structure and navigation of a web application. It can also be used in later stages to evaluate navigational trees or the navigation map of existing web applications. Although Tree Testing is used frequentl...

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Publicado en:Behaviour & Information Technology Vol. 45; no. 6; pp. 1117 - 1136
Autores principales: Callejo, Adrián, Macías, José A.
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Apr2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2026
      vid: 45
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1080/0144929X.2025.2546971
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        atl: Enhancing tree testing analysis to improve the usability evaluation of websites.
      aug:
        au:
          Callejo, Adrián
          Macías, José A.
        affil: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
      sug:
        subj:
          World Wide Web
          Decision Making, Computer Assisted
          Software Design
          Computer Systems Evaluation
          User-Computer Interface
          Human
          Funding Source
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Usability Study
          Information Systems
          Program Evaluation
          Data Analysis, Statistical
          Confidence Intervals
          Qualitative Studies
          Benchmarking
          Website Development
          Machine Learning
          Cluster Analysis
          Decision Support Systems, Clinical
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Tree testing is a technique used in the early stages of Information Architecture to design the structure and navigation of a web application. It can also be used in later stages to evaluate navigational trees or the navigation map of existing web applications. Although Tree Testing is used frequently, its use and adoption are still largely handmade, using handcraft or spreadsheets to carry it out. This makes it challenging to perform benchmarking and comparative evaluations to assess the quality of navigational content and compare different website designs. Although some tools to assist evaluators exist, they are mainly based on standard metrics, lacking advanced representation and the possibility to compare and benchmark different evaluation projects. This paper presents a systematic solution to improve Tree Testing analysis through advanced visual, statistical, and machine-learning techniques that facilitate decision-making. Our solution includes a tool created to support evaluators and participants, featuring advanced techniques to extract and represent knowledge not included in other existing tools. This facilitates decision-making in the early (analysis) and advanced (evaluation) stages of web-content development. The tool has been evaluated with target users, obtaining successful results related to usefulness, satisfaction, ease of learning, and ease of use.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
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      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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