| Sumario: | Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition linked to adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Emerging evidence highlights the potential roles of adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and galectin‐1 in its pathogenesis. However, studies examining these biomarkers as predictors of MetS, particularly in the context of age and body mass index (BMI), remain limited and inconsistent. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of serum galectin‐1, leptin, adiponectin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L) with MetS, and to identify their predictive value across different age and BMI groups. Methods: In this prospective cross‐sectional study, 122 participants were enrolled and categorized into MetS (n = 48) and healthy control (n = 74) groups based on NHLBI/AHA criteria. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Serum levels of galectin‐1, leptin, and adiponectin were measured, and the A/L was calculated. Participants were stratified by age (20–39 vs. ≥ 40 years) and BMI (normal, overweight, and obese). Group comparisons, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were conducted. Results: Galectin‐1 and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the MetS group, whereas leptin levels were not significantly higher. The A/L ratio was significantly lower in the MetS group, particularly among middle‐aged and obese individuals (p = 0.004). Galectin‐1 correlated positively with adiponectin and the A/L ratio. In logistic regression analysis, A/L emerged as the only independent predictor, with each unit increase reducing the odds of MetS by 8.3%, whereas BMI was a consistent predictor across age groups. Conclusion: Galectin‐1, adiponectin, and the A/L ratio are associated with MetS, with the A/L serving as a robust independent predictor. These findings underscore the importance of adipokine profiling, particularly in stratified age and BMI groups, for early identification of metabolic risk.
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