Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events in patients with early stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Background: Brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation represents an emerging neurorehabilitation approach for post-stroke motor recovery, yet its comprehensive effects on patients in the early phase after stroke, typically defined as within 3 months of onset, remain to be fully established. This...
| Publicado en: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience pp. 1 - 22 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Formato: | research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=192821334&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 192821334 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 16634365 BG2U jtl: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience issn: 16634365 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2026 pid: 40038 pub: Frontiers Media S.A. artinfo: ui: 192821334 192821334 192821334 10.3389/fnagi.2026.1737740 192821334 ppf: 1 ppct: 21 formats: tig: atl: Effects of brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events in patients with early stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. aug: au: Wei, Jing-Xue Zhang, Yue-Mi Liang, Shan-Shan Li, Qi-Fu Huang, Lang Dai, Yuan-Hong Bi, Zi-Ting Xiao, Jing-Hua Xu, Jian-Wen Zhang, Yun-Shan affil: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China sug: subj: Stroke Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Brain-Computer Interfaces Adverse Effects Upper Extremity Physiology Activities of Daily Living Physiology Treatment Outcomes Human Male Female Middle Age Systematic Review Meta Analysis PubMed Embase CINAHL Database Cochrane Library Recovery Functional Status Electrotherapy Robotics Motor Skills Clinical Assessment Tools Scales Confidence Intervals Statistical Significance Data Analysis Software Descriptive Statistics Middle Aged: 45-64 years Male Female ab: Background: Brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation represents an emerging neurorehabilitation approach for post-stroke motor recovery, yet its comprehensive effects on patients in the early phase after stroke, typically defined as within 3 months of onset, remain to be fully established. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated effects of this intervention on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events in individuals with early stroke. Methods: This study was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were established for randomized controlled trials that encompassed: (1) participants were adults (≥18 years) within 3 months of stroke onset with upper limb motor impairment; (2) interventions included brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation, and (3) outcomes that measured upper limb function, activities of daily living, and adverse events. A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception to August 23, 2025. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility, compiled data, and appraised methodological rigor, potential bias, and reliability of the evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, UK) and Stata 18 (StataCorp., USA), applying random-effects models to calculate mean differences (MD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessments were conducted where appropriate. Results: Nine studies involving 642 participants (212 females and 430 males) with a mean age of 59.77 years were included. For primary outcomes, brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation significantly improved upper limb function in patients with early stroke (MD = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.20, 6.84). Subgroup analyses revealed that no statistically significant differences were observed in the improvement of upper limb functionality among various patient demographics and intervention characteristics (all p > 0.05). For secondary outcomes, the pooled analysis suggested a potential improvement in activities of daily living with BCI-based rehabilitation (MD = 7.68, 95% CI: 0.32, 15.03), although this finding was accompanied by very high heterogeneity (I 2 = 88%) and was not robust in sensitivity analyses, indicating low certainty of evidence. Subgroup analyses indicated that greater benefits might be observed in patients within 30 days after stroke onset and with intervention durations not exceeding 3 weeks. Regarding safety, preliminary data from a single study suggested no significant difference in adverse events between groups (p = 0.87), but the evidence base is currently insufficient to draw firm conclusions. Conclusions: Brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation is effective in improving upper limb motor function in patients with early stroke. Current evidence suggests a potential benefit for activities of daily living, but the evidence is of low certainty due to substantial heterogeneity and limited robustness. Subgroup analyses identified time from onset and intervention duration as potential effect modifiers for activities of daily living. Preliminary safety data from a single study are encouraging but insufficient to establish a safety profile. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish optimal brain-computer interface-based rehabilitation protocols, to confirm the potential benefit on activities of daily living with more robust evidence, and to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO [Register number: CRD420251144151]. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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