Developmental Delay and Oculo-Visual Deficits: Challenges and Interventions–A Narrative Review.

Visual skills play a critical role in early childhood development, influencing not only visual acuity but also other domains, such as language, fine motor control, and social interactions. Disruptions in visual development can result in oculo-visual deficits, which are common in children with develo...

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Published in:Optometry & Visual Performance Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 70 - 77
Main Authors: Kaiti, Raju, Shyangbo, Ranjila, Regmi, Aayusha, Kafle, Rachana
Format: pictorial review tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Optometric Extension Program Mar2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2026
      vid: 14
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      pub: Optometric Extension Program
      place: Lutherville Timonium, Maryland
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        atl: Developmental Delay and Oculo-Visual Deficits: Challenges and Interventions–A Narrative Review.
      aug:
        au:
          Kaiti, Raju
          Shyangbo, Ranjila
          Regmi, Aayusha
          Kafle, Rachana
        affil: Nepal Eye Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
      sug:
        subj:
          Developmental Disabilities Complications
          Vision Disorders Complications
          Ocular Motility Disorders Rehabilitation
          Early Intervention
          Rehabilitation, Pediatric
          Vision Disorders Epidemiology
          Developmental Disabilities Epidemiology
          Nepal
          Strabismus Epidemiology
          Refractive Errors Epidemiology
          Amblyopia Complications
          Cerebral Palsy Complications
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Complications
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Complications
          Vision Screening
          Diagnosis, Eye
          Vision Disorders Therapy
          Multidisciplinary Care Team
      ab: Visual skills play a critical role in early childhood development, influencing not only visual acuity but also other domains, such as language, fine motor control, and social interactions. Disruptions in visual development can result in oculo-visual deficits, which are common in children with developmental delays. These deficits include issues with visual perception, oculomotor control, binocular vision, and visuo-cognitive processing. Developmental delay is characterized by significant delays in two or more developmental areas, and when combined with oculo-visual deficits, comprehensive care is essential. The prevalence of developmental disabilities among children under 20 is estimated to be between 10.1% and 11.3%, with oculo-visual deficits affecting 68% to 86% of this population. Risk factors include prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal influences. Children with developmental delays often experience difficulties in motor coordination, balance, laterality, and visual performance. Early recognition and intervention are vital in addressing these deficits, as they significantly impact overall development and quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach involving eye care professionals, occupational therapists, and caregivers is essential for effective rehabilitation. Vision therapy can improve visual perceptual skills and overall quality of life by addressing oculomotor dysfunction, binocular vision, and accommodation issues. Prioritizing early detection and intervention can optimize developmental outcomes for children with oculo-visual deficits and developmental delays. This review explores the prevalence of these deficits and highlights the crucial role of eye care professionals in their identification, management, and rehabilitation, aiming to enhance the longterm well-being of affected children.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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