What Determines the Responses of Multi-Level States to Crises? A Set-Theoretical Analysis of Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The institutionalist literature on public policy in federations cannot account for the variation in how multi-level states handled the Covid-19 pandemic. To explain these differences, this article presents a typology of policy responses and develops a framework that outlines their determinants. It a...

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Publicado en:Publius: The Journal of Federalism Vol. 56; no. 2; pp. 410 - 444
Autores principales: Kleider, Hanna, Toubeau, Simon
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Spring2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1093/publius/pjaf075
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        atl: What Determines the Responses of Multi-Level States to Crises? A Set-Theoretical Analysis of Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic.
      aug:
        au:
          Kleider, Hanna
          Toubeau, Simon
        affil:
          Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
          School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
      su:
        COVID-19 pandemic
        Intergovernmental cooperation
        Federal government
        Emergency management
        Coalitions
        Health policy
        Comparative studies
        Institutional environment
      sug:
        subj:
          COVID-19 pandemic
          Intergovernmental cooperation
          Federal government
          Emergency management
          Coalitions
          Health policy
          Emergency and Other Relief Services
          Other federal protective services
          Other provincial protective services
          Other municipal protective services
          Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities
          Administration of Public Health Programs
          Comparative studies
          Institutional environment
      keyword:
        comparative federalism
        comparative politics/public policy
        copyrightHolder:CSF Associates Inc.
        copyrightYear:2026
        inLanguage:en
        multi-level governance
        political parties
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaf075
        comparative federalism
        comparative politics/public policy
        copyrightHolder:CSF Associates Inc.
        copyrightYear:2026
        inLanguage:en
        multi-level governance
        political parties
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaf075
      ab: The institutionalist literature on public policy in federations cannot account for the variation in how multi-level states handled the Covid-19 pandemic. To explain these differences, this article presents a typology of policy responses and develops a framework that outlines their determinants. It argues that coordination occurs if governing actors are able and willing to coordinate their action against the functional pressure of the outbreak. This argument is examined with a fuzzy-set qualitative-comparative analysis of policy responses in thirteen countries over four time periods in 2020. The results show actors coordinated when they had access to shared rule institutions and failed to coordinate because of ideological disagreements about public health measures. But results also show these conditions are insufficient for explaining outcomes and their effects are asymmetric. This informs our understanding of the responses of multi-level states to other complex problems like mass migration and extreme weather events.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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