More Roman than the Romans: neoclassical genocide in French Numidia.

In numerous letters to his brother and wife, the Maréchal Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (1798–1854) describes his military campaigns in Algeria as reincarnations of the Roman wars in Numidia. Saint-Arnaud's Roman/Numidian dichotomy raises additional questions. What role did such ethnological...

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Published in:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 235 - 254
Main Author: Khellaf, Kyle
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Sep2025
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Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: More Roman than the Romans: neoclassical genocide in French Numidia.
      aug:
        au: Khellaf, Kyle
        affil: University of California, Riverside, USA
      su:
        Genocide
        Settler colonialism
        History of colonies
        French Algeria
        Ideology
        Maghreb (North Africa)
        Algeria
      sug:
        subj:
          Maghreb (North Africa)
          Algeria
          Genocide
          Settler colonialism
          History of colonies
          French Algeria
          Ideology
      ab: In numerous letters to his brother and wife, the Maréchal Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (1798–1854) describes his military campaigns in Algeria as reincarnations of the Roman wars in Numidia. Saint-Arnaud's Roman/Numidian dichotomy raises additional questions. What role did such ethnological fictions play in the actual military conquest of French Algeria? To what extent can we trace the numerous instances of genocide that Saint-Arnaud recounts in his letters to these classical receptions? Furthermore, can we deem the French invasions, with all of their settler-colonial practices and associated violence, a historical phenomenon whose ideological underpinnings were neoclassical in essence? In seeking to answer these questions in the affirmative, I situate the letters of Saint-Arnaud in their larger cultural historical milieu. I bring them into dialogue with the accounts of other French military writers. In so doing, I illustrate how the French conquest of the Maghreb, framed as a rediscovery of the Roman campaigns of old against an unchanged Numidian foe, enabled genocidal acts to be justified through classical ideals and a civilizing model exemplified in Greco-Roman literature.
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    language: English
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