THE DOCTRINE OF CHRISTIAN DISCOVERY AND DOMINATION: HOW IT HAS BEEN USED BY UNITED STATES COURTS TO DENY TREATY RIGHTS & DISMISS THE HAUDENOSAUNEE LAND RIGHTS CASES.

This article examines how the doctrine of Christian discovery and domination continues to serve as the foundational legal justification used by United States courts to deny treaty rights and dismiss Indigenous land rights claims, with particular focus on Haudenosaunee nations. Centering the Supreme...

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Publicado en:Journal for Cultural & Religious Theory Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 46 - 56
Autor principal: HEATH, JOSEPH J.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Whitestone Foundation Spring2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        au: HEATH, JOSEPH J.
        affil: Onondaga Nation General Counsel
      su:
        Johnson v. M'Intosh
        Haudenosaunee (North American people)
        Tribal sovereignty
        Legal doctrines
        Marshall, John, 1755-1835
        Legal rights
        United States. Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit)
        State courts
        Indigenous rights
        United States. Supreme Court
        Appellate courts
        Oneida (N.Y.)
        United States
        New York (State)
      sug:
        subj:
          Oneida (N.Y.)
          United States
          New York (State)
          Johnson v. M'Intosh
          Haudenosaunee (North American people)
          Tribal sovereignty
          Legal doctrines
          Marshall, John, 1755-1835
          Legal rights
          United States. Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit)
          State courts
          Indigenous rights
          United States. Supreme Court
          Appellate courts
      keyword:
        ancestral land
        and treaty enforcement
        Christian discovery
        Christian domination
        colonization
        European claims
        Indigenous land
        Indigenous land reclamation
        Indigenous land rights
        land justice
        racial equality
        treaty rights
      ab: This article examines how the doctrine of Christian discovery and domination continues to serve as the foundational legal justification used by United States courts to deny treaty rights and dismiss Indigenous land rights claims, with particular focus on Haudenosaunee nations. Centering the Supreme Court's decision in City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation (2005), the article critiques the Court's revival of colonial doctrine through a fabricated "equitable" defense mislabeled as laches. It traces Sherrill's jurisprudential roots to Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823), where Chief Justice John Marshall embedded Christian European claims of domination into United States law as a mechanism for Indigenous dispossession. The article analyzes how the Second Circuit quickly dismissed the Cayuga, Oneida, and Onondaga land rights actions, despite undisputed treaty violations, constitutional breaches, and illegal land takings by New York State. These decisions reveal the creation of a distinct and shifting set of equitable rules applied only to Indigenous land claims, consistently privileging settler expectations over Indigenous sovereignty and justice. Beyond domestic litigation, the article addresses the Onondaga Nation's turn to international human rights forums, including its successful petition before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and highlights the recent return of 1,000 acres of ancestral land as evidence that land justice is neither disruptive nor impractical. The article concludes by urging Indigenous law practitioners to directly confront and demand repudiation of the doctrine of Christian discovery, reaffirming treaty supremacy and international human rights as essential foundations for justice and healing.
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    language: English
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