Treatment-modifying effects of frailty on stroke reperfusion therapy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Frailty is common amongst individuals presenting with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Not only has frailty been found to have disease-modifying effects in terms of survival and disability after AIS, but it may also exert a treatment-modifying effect in reperfusion therapies. However, studie...

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Published in:Age & Ageing Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 1 - 11
Main Authors: Varma, Anakha, Bhakta, Shiv, Dohle, Esmee, Warburton, Elizabeth, Evans, Nicholas R
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Apr2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2026
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        193500077
        10.1093/ageing/afag080
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        atl: Treatment-modifying effects of frailty on stroke reperfusion therapy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Varma, Anakha
          Bhakta, Shiv
          Dohle, Esmee
          Warburton, Elizabeth
          Evans, Nicholas R
        affil: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
      su:
        Diseases
        Mortality risk factors
        Risk assessment
        Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Acute diseases
        Research funding
        Thrombolytic therapy
        Decision making in clinical medicine
        Treatment effectiveness
        Meta-analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        Systematic reviews
        MEDLINE
        Ischemic stroke
        Reperfusion
        Online information services
        Data analysis software
        Confidence intervals
        Thrombectomy
      sug:
        subj:
          Diseases
          Mortality risk factors
          Risk assessment
          Medical information storage & retrieval systems
          Acute diseases
          Research funding
          Thrombolytic therapy
          Decision making in clinical medicine
          Treatment effectiveness
          Meta-analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          Systematic reviews
          MEDLINE
          Ischemic stroke
          Reperfusion
          Online information services
          Data analysis software
          Confidence intervals
          Thrombectomy
      keyword:
        acute cerebrovascular accidents
        acute ischaemic stroke
        cerebrovascular accident
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        frailty
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag080
        inLanguage:en
        ischemic stroke
        mortality
        older people
        outcomes
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        reperfusion therapy
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41965254/
        systematic review
        thrombectomy
        thrombolysis
        thrombolytic therapy
        acute cerebrovascular accidents
        acute ischaemic stroke
        cerebrovascular accident
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        frailty
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag080
        inLanguage:en
        ischemic stroke
        mortality
        older people
        outcomes
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        reperfusion therapy
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41965254/
        systematic review
        thrombectomy
        thrombolysis
        thrombolytic therapy
      ab: Background Frailty is common amongst individuals presenting with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Not only has frailty been found to have disease-modifying effects in terms of survival and disability after AIS, but it may also exert a treatment-modifying effect in reperfusion therapies. However, studies investigating this to date have frequently been of limited sample size, highlighting the potential for meta-analysis to definitively establish any treatment-modifying effect. Objectives We investigate the effect of pre-stroke frailty on morbidity and mortality outcomes following reperfusion treatment (thrombectomy and thrombolysis) for AIS. Methods A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting of Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, via searching the EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to August 2025. Results We identified 11 relevant studies with 194,699 participants. Overall, the prevalence of frailty was 37.2% [frail (n = 72,311), non-frail (122,096)]. Frailty was associated with increased 90-day (RR 2.19 [95% CI 1.44–3.34]) and one-year mortality (RR 2.11 [95% CI 1.6–2.78]), but not with symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.78–1.96]) or modified Rankin score 3–5 (RR 2.20 [0.94–5.16]). Conclusions Frailty has a consistent association with mortality at different time points after AIS reperfusion therapies. Despite some study heterogeneity, there is evidence that pre-stroke frailty is associated with increased mortality after treatment, though not with increased risks of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or post-stroke disability. These findings suggest that routine pre-morbid frailty assessment may inform the decision-making process for AIS reperfusion treatment administration. This study highlights the need for large multi-centre prospective trials.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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