Frailty index predicts the risk of 17 health outcomes in distinct ways: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study.

Background Frailty reflects systemic vulnerability and is a major public health concern in ageing. This study examined how frailty relates to risk of death, hospitalisation and major chronic diseases. Methods We analysed data from 20 975 adults (≥35 years, 52% women) recruited in 2005–10 from the po...

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Published in:Age & Ageing Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors: Bracone, Francesca, Castelnuovo, Augusto Di, Costanzo, Simona, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Persichillo, Mariarosaria, Curtis, Amalia De, Magnacca, Sara, Panzera, Teresa, Orlandi, Sabatino
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Apr2026
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Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        10.1093/ageing/afag091
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        atl: Frailty index predicts the risk of 17 health outcomes in distinct ways: prospective findings from the Moli-sani Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Bracone, Francesca
          Castelnuovo, Augusto Di
          Costanzo, Simona
          Gialluisi, Alessandro
          Bonaccio, Marialaura
          Persichillo, Mariarosaria
          Curtis, Amalia De
          Magnacca, Sara
          Panzera, Teresa
          Orlandi, Sabatino
        affil:
          Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Molise 86077, Italy
          Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Molise 86077, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Lombardy, Italy
          Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neurological Institute of Southern Italy NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Molise 86077, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, LUM Giuseppe Degennaro University, Casamassima, Molise, Italy
      su:
        Italy
        Health status indicators
        Causes of death
        Social status
        Aging
        Hospital care of older people
        Disease risk factors
        Old age
        Alzheimer's disease risk factors
        Tumor risk factors
        Coronary heart disease risk factors
        Chronic disease risk factors
        Mortality risk factors
        Risk assessment
        Research funding
        Frail elderly
        Parkinson's disease
        Cardiovascular diseases risk factors
        Neurodegeneration
        Descriptive statistics
        Multivariate analysis
        Longitudinal method
        Geriatric assessment
        Type 2 diabetes
        Adverse health care events
        Data analysis software
        Confidence intervals
        Proportional hazards models
      sug:
        subj:
          Health status indicators
          Causes of death
          Social status
          Aging
          Hospital care of older people
          Disease risk factors
          Old age
          Italy
          Alzheimer's disease risk factors
          Tumor risk factors
          Coronary heart disease risk factors
          Chronic disease risk factors
          Mortality risk factors
          Risk assessment
          Research funding
          Frail elderly
          Parkinson's disease
          Cardiovascular diseases risk factors
          Neurodegeneration
          Descriptive statistics
          Multivariate analysis
          Longitudinal method
          Geriatric assessment
          Type 2 diabetes
          Adverse health care events
          Data analysis software
          Confidence intervals
          Proportional hazards models
      keyword:
        ageing
        aging
        cancer
        cardiometabolic risk
        competing risks
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        frailty
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag091
        inLanguage:en
        mortality
        neurodegenerative diseases
        older people
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41967035/
        ageing
        aging
        cancer
        cardiometabolic risk
        competing risks
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        frailty
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag091
        inLanguage:en
        mortality
        neurodegenerative diseases
        older people
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41967035/
      ab: Background Frailty reflects systemic vulnerability and is a major public health concern in ageing. This study examined how frailty relates to risk of death, hospitalisation and major chronic diseases. Methods We analysed data from 20 975 adults (≥35 years, 52% women) recruited in 2005–10 from the population-based Moli-sani Study (Italy) and followed for a median of 15 years. Frailty was assessed using a multidimensional 29-item frailty index (FI). Cox models accounting for competing risks estimated hazard ratios (HR) for 17 incident outcomes, adjusted for age, sex and common covariates, including social status indicators. Results Frailty was associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes. Per 1-SD increase in FI, the risk of type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease rose by 82% (HR = 1.82; 95% confidence interval 1.73–1.92; 1541 events) and 33% (HR = 1.33; 1.23–1.44; 756). FI was also associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (HR = 1.25; 1.05–1.47; 158) and non-Alzheimer dementia (HR = 1.31; 1.11–1.54; 150). Cancer associations varied by site. FI also predicted hospitalisations for any cause (HR = 1.31; 1.28–1.34; 11 193), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.35; 1.30–1.40; 2631). Analyses comparing frail and prefrail with fit categories, excluding early events, and stratified by sex showed consistent results, with indications of somewhat stronger associations among individuals younger than 65 years in certain outcomes. Conclusion FI predicts a wide range of chronic diseases, especially cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative outcomes, and their negative consequences, including hospitalisation and mortality. These findings reinforce the importance of frailty assessment in preventive strategies, risk stratification and integrated surveillance in the general population.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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