Enhancing goals of care discussions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinician-directed behavioural nudges.

Background Goals of care discussions (GOCDs) are critical for patients with serious illnesses but are hindered by clinician-level barriers. Nudges—low-burden, behaviourally informed strategies that influence clinician behaviour without restricting choice—may provide a scalable approach to increase G...

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Publicado en:Age & Ageing Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 1 - 10
Autores principales: Poco, Louisa, Shah, Shimoni, Malhotra, Chetna
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Apr2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        10.1093/ageing/afag113
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        atl: Enhancing goals of care discussions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinician-directed behavioural nudges.
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        au:
          Poco, Louisa
          Shah, Shimoni
          Malhotra, Chetna
        affil:
          Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
          Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169547, Singapore
          Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169547, Singapore
      su:
        Documentation
        Palliative treatment
        Medical quality control
        Hospital care
        Decision making
        Evaluation of medical care
        Physician-patient relations
        Communication
        Advance directives (Medical care)
        Education of physicians
        Psychology of physicians
        Medical care use
        Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Research funding
        Patient readmissions
        Meta-analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        Systematic reviews
        MEDLINE
        Odds ratio
        Intensive care units
        Conceptual structures
        Length of stay in hospitals
        Confidence intervals
        Quality assurance
        Online information services
        Data analysis software
        Medical referrals
      sug:
        subj:
          Documentation
          Palliative treatment
          Medical quality control
          Hospital care
          Decision making
          Evaluation of medical care
          Physician-patient relations
          Communication
          Advance directives (Medical care)
          Offices of physicians
          Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists)
          Education of physicians
          Psychology of physicians
          Medical care use
          Medical information storage & retrieval systems
          Research funding
          Patient readmissions
          Meta-analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          Systematic reviews
          MEDLINE
          Odds ratio
          Intensive care units
          Conceptual structures
          Length of stay in hospitals
          Confidence intervals
          Quality assurance
          Online information services
          Data analysis software
          Medical referrals
      keyword:
        advance care planning
        behavioural interventions
        care goals
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        end-of-life-care
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag113
        inLanguage:en
        nudges
        older people
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42051142/
        systematic review
        advance care planning
        behavioural interventions
        care goals
        copyrightHolder:British Geriatrics Society
        copyrightYear:2026
        end-of-life-care
        https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afag113
        inLanguage:en
        nudges
        older people
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42051142/
        systematic review
      ab: Background Goals of care discussions (GOCDs) are critical for patients with serious illnesses but are hindered by clinician-level barriers. Nudges—low-burden, behaviourally informed strategies that influence clinician behaviour without restricting choice—may provide a scalable approach to increase GOCDs. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the effect of clinician-directed nudges on GOCD documentation. Secondary outcomes were quality of communication and healthcare utilisation. Methods We searched three databases (2004–2024). Nudges were classified using the MINDSPACE framework. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GOCD documentation. Subgroup analyses examined nudge type, study design and co-interventions. Secondary outcomes were narratively synthesised. Results Fifty-one studies were included (16 randomised trials, 7 non-randomised controlled studies and 28 pre-post studies). Salience-based nudges, which make key information more noticeable, were most common (86% of interventions). Most interventions (87%) were multicomponent. Nudges increased GOCD documentation (OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.40–4.53). Multicomponent interventions with a nudge component had larger effects than nudges alone (OR 4.03 vs. 1.89; P  = .03). No differences were observed by nudge types or study designs. Heterogeneity was high (I = 96.7%) but leave-one-out sensitivity analyses supported robustness. Nudges improved quality of communication (2/2 studies) and reduced readmissions (2/2), with inconsistent effects on palliative care referrals (5/19) and no impact on hospital length of stay (0/5). Conclusion Clinician-directed nudges improve GOCD documentation and represent a scalable, low-cost strategy for quality improvement. Future research should examine a broader range of nudges, multilevel interventions and effects on the quality and timing of GOCDs across settings.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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