Emoji Smiles Do Not Convey Sincerity Like Human Smiles: Insights From the Emotion as Social Information Model.

Research on smile perception indicates that smiles containing a cheek raiser tend to be judged as happier, more sincere, and more authentic than those without this cue. However, while this is well established for human smiles, less is known about how such cues are perceived in emojis. Guided by the...

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Publicado en:Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale Vol. 80; no. 2; pp. 132 - 143
Autores principales: Mazerolle, Marie-Pier, Gallant, Adèle, LeBlanc, Alex Samuel, Roy-Charland, Annie
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Canadian Psychological Association Jun2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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        atl: Emoji Smiles Do Not Convey Sincerity Like Human Smiles: Insights From the Emotion as Social Information Model.
      aug:
        au:
          Mazerolle, Marie-Pier
          Gallant, Adèle
          LeBlanc, Alex Samuel
          Roy-Charland, Annie
        affil: École de Psychologie, Université de Moncton
      su:
        Emotions
        Social perception
        Analysis of variance
        Communication
        Facial expression
        Statistical power analysis
        T-test (Statistics)
        Prompts (Psychology)
        Research funding
        Descriptive statistics
        Computer graphics
        Data analysis software
        Reaction time
        Comparative studies
        Thought & thinking
      sug:
        subj:
          Emotions
          Social perception
          Analysis of variance
          Communication
          Facial expression
          Statistical power analysis
          T-test (Statistics)
          Prompts (Psychology)
          Research funding
          Descriptive statistics
          Computer graphics
          Data analysis software
          Reaction time
          Comparative studies
          Thought & thinking
      keyword:
        Duchenne/non-Duchenne smiles
        emojis
        facial expressions
        smile judgement
        émojis
        expressions faciales
        jugement du sourire
        sourires de Duchenne/non-Duchenne
        Duchenne/non-Duchenne smiles
        emojis
        facial expressions
        smile judgement
        émojis
        expressions faciales
        jugement du sourire
        sourires de Duchenne/non-Duchenne
      ab: Research on smile perception indicates that smiles containing a cheek raiser tend to be judged as happier, more sincere, and more authentic than those without this cue. However, while this is well established for human smiles, less is known about how such cues are perceived in emojis. Guided by the emotions as social information (EASI) model, which posits that emotional expressions influence observers through inferential and affective pathways, this study examined judgements of sincerity for enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles produced by human and emoji encoders. In Experiment 1, participants judged whether smiles (human or emoji) were "really happy" or "not really happy." Both stimulus types included smiles that varied in cues of sincerity (presence or absence of the cheek raiser). In Experiment 2, the same task was repeated with open or closed mouth variations. Participants identified human enjoyment smiles as "really happy" more often than nonenjoyment smiles, whereas emojis were rated as "really happy" regardless of the sincerity cue. Closed mouth smiles were judged as less happy than open mouth smiles, and judgements were faster for emojis than for human faces. These findings suggest that, in line with the EASI model, emoji-based expressions may elicit affective rather than inferential processing, highlighting their limited equivalence to human smiles in digital communication.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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