Speak, Memory: Dignāga, Consciousness, and Awareness.

When someone is in a conscious state, must they be aware of it? The Buddhist philosopher Dignāga offers a brilliant route to answering this question by leveraging the role awareness might play as a constraint on memory. I begin by clarifying his strategy and what conclusions it might be used to esta...

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Published in:Australasian Journal of Philosophy Vol. 104; no. 1; pp. 146 - 167
Main Author: Silins, Nicholas
Format: Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Mar2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        affil: Cornell University
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        Awareness
        Memory
        Buddhist philosophy
        Psychology
        Consciousness
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          Awareness
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          Psychology
          Consciousness
      keyword:
        consciousness
        higher-order theories of consciousness
        inner awareness
        memory
      ab: When someone is in a conscious state, must they be aware of it? The Buddhist philosopher Dignāga offers a brilliant route to answering this question by leveraging the role awareness might play as a constraint on memory. I begin by clarifying his strategy and what conclusions it might be used to establish, and then turn to explain why it fails. The first main problem is that, contrary to his contemporary defenders, there is no good way to use it to reach a conclusion about all conscious states. The second main problem is that the proposed awareness constraint on memory is highly problematic, in tension both with ancient objections as well as current psychology.
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