The Influence of Memory Load, Speech-to-Noise Ratio, and Stimulus Rehearsal on the Pupil Dilation Response: Implications for the Assessment of Listening Effort.

Purpose: Pupillometry has been frequently used to examine the influence of auditory task demand on listening effort. However, the intelligibility effect on the pupil dilation response might be altered under high memory load. Method: We assessed the effects of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; auditory dem...

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Publicado en:Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 69; no. 5; pp. 2339 - 2355
Autores principales: Zekveld, Adriana A., Visser, Veerle W., Kramer, Sophia E., Sangers, Jorn, Smitsb, Cas
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association May2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: May2026
      vid: 69
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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        10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00164
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        atl: The Influence of Memory Load, Speech-to-Noise Ratio, and Stimulus Rehearsal on the Pupil Dilation Response: Implications for the Assessment of Listening Effort.
      aug:
        au:
          Zekveld, Adriana A.
          Visser, Veerle W.
          Kramer, Sophia E.
          Sangers, Jorn
          Smitsb, Cas
        affil:
          Section Ear & Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
          Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands.
          Section Ear & Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
      su:
        Task performance
        Memory
        Statistical power analysis
        Effect sizes (Statistics)
        Noise
        Data analysis
        Reflexes
        Paired comparisons (Mathematics)
        Intelligibility of speech
        Auditory acuity
        Audiometry
        Maximum likelihood statistics
        Descriptive statistics
        Experimental design
        Statistics
        Auditory perception
        Hearing levels
        Confidence intervals
        Data analysis software
        Regression analysis
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Memory
          Statistical power analysis
          Effect sizes (Statistics)
          Noise
          Data analysis
          Reflexes
          Paired comparisons (Mathematics)
          Intelligibility of speech
          Auditory acuity
          Audiometry
          Maximum likelihood statistics
          Descriptive statistics
          Experimental design
          Statistics
          Auditory perception
          Hearing levels
          Confidence intervals
          Data analysis software
          Regression analysis
      ab: Purpose: Pupillometry has been frequently used to examine the influence of auditory task demand on listening effort. However, the intelligibility effect on the pupil dilation response might be altered under high memory load. Method: We assessed the effects of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; auditory demand), memory load, and stimulus rehearsal on the pupil dilation response. Twenty-four participants with normal hearing were included (M = 22 years, 16 women). Sequences of four or six digits were presented in stationary noise at two auditory demand levels. For either 20% or 80% of the trials, digits were rehearsed. Participants rated listening effort, task difficulty, performance, and tendency to give up. Results: Linear mixed-model analyses indicated that intelligibility was higher for four digits compared to six digits and for lower auditory demand compared to higher auditory demand. The mean pupil dilation was larger for lower auditory demand during listening. In the repetition interval, the peak and mean pupil dilations were larger for lower auditory demand compared to higher auditory demand, for six digits compared to four digits, and for 80% compared to 20% stimulus rehearsal. Subjective listening effort and task difficulty were higher for higher auditory demand than for lower auditory demand and for six digits than for four digits. A lower auditory demand also resulted in higher performance ratings and lower tendency to give up compared to higher auditory demand. Conclusions: The established decrease in the pupil dilation response with decreasing auditory demand (higher SNR) can be altered in tasks with relatively high memory demands. It is important to consider the memory demands imposed by the listening task when assessing the pupil dilation response.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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