Perceived Corporate and Peer Surveillance on the Internet: Scale Development and Validation.
In today's digital society, individuals' online activities are often observed by others. When people feel like they are being watched online, they may adjust their behavior to protect their privacy. To measure such perceptions and understand their antecedents and consequences, the Perceived Surveill...
| Publicado en: | CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 300 - 309 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
May2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=193712183&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 193712183 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 21522715 BABN jtl: CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking issn: 21522715 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: May2026 vid: 29 iid: 5 pid: 1365 pub: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. place: New Rochelle, New York artinfo: ui: 193712183 193712183 193712183 10.1177/21522715261437955 193712183 ppf: 300 ppct: 9 formats: tig: atl: Perceived Corporate and Peer Surveillance on the Internet: Scale Development and Validation. aug: au: Bartol, Jošt Fatur, Laura Petrovčič, Andraž affil: Centre for Social Informatics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. sug: subj: Peer Group Internet Utilization Attitude to Computers Privacy and Confidentiality Scales Instrument Construction Instrument Adaptation Instrument Validation Psychometrics Human Male Female Adolescence Adult Middle Age Aged Aged, 80 and Over Slovenia Validation Studies Construct Validity Factor Analysis Funding Source Internal Consistency Criterion-Related Validity Discriminant Validity Chi Square Test Coefficient alpha Confidence Intervals Sex Factors Age Factors Educational Status Socioeconomic Factors Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Structural Equation Modeling Translations Trust Self Disclosure Sociodemographic Factors Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Aged: 65+ years Aged, 80 & over Male Female ab: In today's digital society, individuals' online activities are often observed by others. When people feel like they are being watched online, they may adjust their behavior to protect their privacy. To measure such perceptions and understand their antecedents and consequences, the Perceived Surveillance Scale (PSS) has been proposed to capture individuals' perceptions of being watched in digital environments. However, the PSS focuses on surveillance by corporate actors and does not address surveillance by actors such as family members or friends. This is a significant issue, as the literature on vertical and horizontal privacy indicates that distinguishing between corporate and peer actors facilitates more insightful and comprehensive analyses of individuals' online behavior. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a version of the PSS that captures individuals' perceived surveillance in relation to their peers. To this end, the original PSS was adapted to measure perceived peer surveillance, and then both the original and peer PSS were tested on a sample of 1,666 Internet users from Slovenia. Five distinct measurement properties were assessed for each scale: structural validity, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, measurement invariance, and construct validity (15 hypotheses per scale). The results revealed that corporate and peer PSSs measure two distinct types of perceived surveillance. Both scales exhibited excellent psychometric properties, with only minor deviations. Overall, the study provides a valid and reliable version of the PSS for peer contexts and highlights the value of distinguishing between perceived corporate and peer surveillance in digital environments. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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