Functional performance comparison of long cane and secondary electronic travel aids for mobility enhancement.

This study investigated the impact of secondary electronic travel aids (ETAs) on the mobility performance of individuals with profound visual impairment, specifically focusing on object detection and obstacle avoidance tasks. Seven experienced long-cane users were recruited for the study. The ETAs t...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:British Journal of Visual Impairment Vol. 44; no. 2; pp. 253 - 272
Main Authors: Jin, Rui, Petoe, Matthew A, McCarthy, Chris D, Serra, Jaime R, Starkey, Scott, McGinley, Jennifer, Ayton, Lauren N
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. May2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=193925623&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 193925623
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        02646196
        2WMR
      jtl: British Journal of Visual Impairment
      issn: 02646196
      maglogo: Y
    pubinfo:
      dt: May2026
      vid: 44
      iid: 2
      pid: 344
      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
    artinfo:
      ui:
        193925623
        180163863
        193925623
        193925623
        10.1177/02646196241285098
        193925623
      ppf: 253
      ppct: 19
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Functional performance comparison of long cane and secondary electronic travel aids for mobility enhancement.
      aug:
        au:
          Jin, Rui
          Petoe, Matthew A
          McCarthy, Chris D
          Serra, Jaime R
          Starkey, Scott
          McGinley, Jennifer
          Ayton, Lauren N
        affil: The University of Melbourne, Australia
      sug:
        subj:
          Physical Mobility Evaluation
          Physical Performance Evaluation
          Canes Evaluation
          Ambulation Aids Evaluation
          Persons with Visual Disabilities Evaluation
          Sensory Aids Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Spatial Perception Evaluation
          Safety Evaluation
          Software
          Equipment Design
          Product Evaluation
          Human
          Experimental Studies
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Funding Source
          Auditory Perception
          Algorithms
          Environment
          Time
          Comparative Studies
          Gait Analysis
          Visual Acuity
          Visual Perception
          Motion Capture
          Motion Analysis Systems
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Friedman Test
          Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Electrical Equipment and Supplies Evaluation
          Reaction Time
          Cognition
          Balance, Postural
          Walking
          Travel
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: This study investigated the impact of secondary electronic travel aids (ETAs) on the mobility performance of individuals with profound visual impairment, specifically focusing on object detection and obstacle avoidance tasks. Seven experienced long-cane users were recruited for the study. The ETAs tested as secondary aids to the long cane included the MiniGuide, utilizing ultrasonic echo location, and the vOICe (Vision-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution Device), which translates visual information into auditory signals. Two software modes of the vOICe were examined: the standard contrast mode and a novel algorithm utilizing relative depth information. Notably, 30 min of familiarization was provided before the trials. Results indicated that while the use of the secondary ETAs led to increased awareness of the surrounding environment, it also resulted in longer processing times and more hesitations, compared with using the long cane alone. Participants demonstrated improved object detection and larger detection and safety ranges during obstacle avoidance. The study also introduced the concept of margin of stability (MoS) as a novel metric for evaluating gait stability while using ETAs. Both MiniGuide and vOICe users exhibited consistent and stable movements, suggesting that these additional aids did not negatively impact overall gait stability. The findings highlight the trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness when using secondary mobility aids, with longer training periods potentially mitigating these issues. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to optimize the design and training programmes for new ETAs. Future studies may explore the impact of extended training periods on mobility performance. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how ETAs can enhance the mobility of individuals with visual impairments while also highlighting some of the challenges associated with their use. Optimizing ETA design and training programmes is crucial for maximizing benefits for individuals with impaired vision.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N