Shedding Light on Healing: IPLT as a Brief Intervention for Psychological Recovery from Bullying. A Single-subject ABA Study Using DASS-21 Indicators.

Bullying among students has been identified as a source of major educational and psychological issues, which most of the time result in depression, anxiety, and stress. Despite increasing concern about bullying-related trauma, empirical evidence on brief and perceptual-based counselling intervention...

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Published in:Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 755 - 780
Main Authors: Bariyyah, Khairul, Ifdil, Ifdil, Muqodas, Idat, Soejanto, Laily Tiarani, Andrianie, Santy, Hilmi, Ikhsan
Format: Article
Published: Universiti Putra Malaysia Apr2026
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        atl: Shedding Light on Healing: IPLT as a Brief Intervention for Psychological Recovery from Bullying. A Single-subject ABA Study Using DASS-21 Indicators.
      aug:
        au:
          Bariyyah, Khairul
          Ifdil, Ifdil
          Muqodas, Idat
          Soejanto, Laily Tiarani
          Andrianie, Santy
          Hilmi, Ikhsan
        affil:
          Center of Gender and Population, State University of Malang, 65145 East Java, Indonesia
          Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, State University of Malang, 65145 East Java, Indonesia
          Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25161 West Sumatra, Indonesia
          Center for Educational Neuroscience, Trauma, and Human Behaviour, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25161 West Sumatra, Indonesia
          Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 40154 West Java, Indonesia
          Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang, 65145 East Java, Indonesia
          Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
          State Vocational High School 1 Tasikmalaya, 46132 West Java, Indonesia
      su:
        Bullying
        Trauma therapy
        Anxiety
        Psychological stress
        Mental depression
        Psychological tests
        Therapeutics
        Counseling
      sug:
        subj:
          Bullying
          Trauma therapy
          Anxiety
          Psychological stress
          Mental depression
          Psychological tests
          Therapeutics
          Counseling
      keyword:
        counselling
        DASS-21
        IPLT
        psychological well-being
      ab: Bullying among students has been identified as a source of major educational and psychological issues, which most of the time result in depression, anxiety, and stress. Despite increasing concern about bullying-related trauma, empirical evidence on brief and perceptual-based counselling interventions for psychological recovery remains limited. This research focused on determining the effectiveness of the Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique (IPLT), a trauma-informed counselling method used to alleviate the psychological impact of bullying. Through a single-subject A-B-A design, five students who scored highly on DASS-21 were monitored during baseline, intervention, and follow-up stages. The IPLT intervention consisted of five brief sessions lasting approximately 10-15 minutes each. Both visual and quantitative analyses showed substantial reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress, which were corroborated by effect size, Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PND), and Reliable Change Index (RCI) results. Social validation observed changes in emotional well-being, sleep quality, confidence, and social interaction. These findings suggest that IPLT may provide a promising approach for facilitating emotional recovery from bullying-related trauma. Due to its short and organised sessions, IPLT may offer a viable brief intervention for school counselling contexts. Additional research with a bigger sample size and longer follow-up periods is needed to ascertain the duration of the effects.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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      src: R
    language: English
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          year: 2026
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