Machine Learning–Based Identification and Validation of PYCR1 and PYGM as Prognostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor originating in the bones, predominantly affecting children and adolescents, characterized by high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Identifying new prognostic biomarkers is crucial for improving the diagnosis and treatment of OS. Methods: In this s...

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Publicado en:Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology Vol. 20; pp. 1 - 19
Autores principales: Xu, Guoyong, Liu, Chong, Xue, Jiang, Chen, Jiarui, Zou, Zhuan, Mo, Sen, Zhou, Zhongxian, Zhan, Xinli
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 5/27/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 5/27/2026
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Machine Learning–Based Identification and Validation of PYCR1 and PYGM as Prognostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma.
      aug:
        au:
          Xu, Guoyong
          Liu, Chong
          Xue, Jiang
          Chen, Jiarui
          Zou, Zhuan
          Mo, Sen
          Zhou, Zhongxian
          Zhan, Xinli
        affil: Guangxi Medical University, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanning, P. R. China
      sug:
        subj:
          Osteosarcoma Prognosis
          Tumor Markers, Biological
          Genes
          Genetic Markers
          Machine Learning Algorithms Evaluation
          Prediction Models Evaluation
          Human
          Funding Source
          Univariate Statistics
          Cox Proportional Hazards Model
          Regression
          Kaplan-Meier Estimator
          Survival Analysis
          Neoplastic Processes
          Neoplasm Invasiveness
          Gene Expression Profiling
          Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
          Staining and Labeling
          Immunohistochemistry
          Fluorescent Antibody Technique
          Transferases
      ab: Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor originating in the bones, predominantly affecting children and adolescents, characterized by high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Identifying new prognostic biomarkers is crucial for improving the diagnosis and treatment of OS. Methods: In this study, we collected gene expression data from 88 OS samples from the UCSC Xena platform and normal tissue expression data from 396 Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) samples. Prognosis-related genes were first screened by univariate Cox regression and then further selected using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. Based on these candidate genes, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was used for molecular subtype identification, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to compare survival among subtypes. Tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration analyses were performed to characterize differences between risk groups. In addition, the expression patterns of key genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) was consistently upregulated in OS and was associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, glycogen phosphorylase, muscle-associated (PYGM) showed analysis-level-dependent expression patterns: it was downregulated at the bulk transcriptomic and tumor cell levels compared with normal controls, whereas within the OS cohort, relatively higher PYGM expression was observed in the high-risk group. Tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration analyses revealed significant immune differences between high- and low-risk groups. Histological and protein-level assays further confirmed the presence and cellular localization of PYCR1 and PYGM in OS tissues. Conclusion: This study systematically identified and validated PYCR1 and PYGM as potential prognostic biomarkers for OS using integrated statistical and machine learning approaches. The PYCR1 showed a consistently tumor-promoting expression pattern, whereas PYGM demonstrated context-dependent expression changes across bulk tissue, risk-stratified tumor samples, and tumor cell lines, highlighting the biological complexity of metabolic biomarkers in OS.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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