| Sumario: | Scientific investigation of neural dynamics associated with Vedic chanting traditions remains limited, particularly in comparative studies examining different chanting styles. Understanding how distinct rhythmic and melodic structures influence neural oscillations may provide insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying structured vocal practices. This study explored the neurophysiological effects of two Vedic chanting traditions, Sama and Yajur, using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and functional connectivity analysis. The objective was to determine how variations in melodic and rhythmic structure shape brain oscillations and cortical network dynamics. EEG data were analyzed for spectral band power, entropy, Hjorth parameters, and graph metrics, including node degree and network integration. Sama chanting was associated with increased activation in frontal regions (FP1, FP2, FZ, FC3, FC4), particularly within theta and alpha bands. These patterns may reflect neural processes associated with attentional engagement and auditory motor coordination reported in prior EEG studies, although the present study did not include direct behavioral measures of cognitive performance. By contrast, Yajur chanting predominantly recruited central and occipital areas (CZ, O1, O2), elevated alpha power, which has previously been associated with relaxed neural states in EEG literature. Connectivity analysis indicated differences in interaction patterns among EEG channels during the two chanting styles. The findings provide preliminary insights into neural dynamics associated with Vedic chanting, highlighting the need for further studies with larger participant cohorts and advanced EEG methodologies. • Neural effects of Sama and Yajur Veda chanting examined with high-density EEG. • Spectral power, entropy, Hjorth parameters, and connectivity metrics applied. • Sama Veda enhanced frontal theta–alpha activity linked to attention and arousal. • Yajur Veda increased central–occipital alpha power reflecting relaxation states. • Distinct oscillatory and network patterns link chanting styles to cognitive and neurophysiological effects.
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