Delphi Validation of a Pain Management e-Learning Module for Critical Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Critical care nurses play a central role in pain management; however, persistent knowledge and competency gaps continue to affect patient outcomes globally, including in Saudi Arabia. Despite the growing adoption of e-learning in nursing education, no context-specific, expert-validated m...

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Publicado en:Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 152 - 168
Autores principales: Almutairi, Abeer, Said, Faridah Mohd
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Diponegoro University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Apr2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Apr2026
      vid: 16
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      pub: Diponegoro University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing
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        atl: Delphi Validation of a Pain Management e-Learning Module for Critical Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia.
      aug:
        au:
          Almutairi, Abeer
          Said, Faridah Mohd
        affil: Faculty of Nursing, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
      sug:
        subj:
          Critical Care Nurses Education
          Pain Management Education
          Online Education
          Learning Methods
          Clinical Competence
          Education, Nursing
          Program Development
          Content Validity
          Primary Health Care Saudi Arabia
          Critical Care Nursing Education
          Human
          Saudi Arabia
          Delphi Technique
          Needs Assessment
          Focus Groups
          Multidisciplinary Care Team
          Questionnaires
          Models, Educational
          Purposive Sample
          Descriptive Statistics
          Multimethod Studies
          Summated Rating Scaling
      ab: Background: Critical care nurses play a central role in pain management; however, persistent knowledge and competency gaps continue to affect patient outcomes globally, including in Saudi Arabia. Despite the growing adoption of e-learning in nursing education, no context-specific, expert-validated module exists for critical care pain management in this context. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and content-validate a context-specific e-learning module on pain management to enhance critical-care nurses' competency in a regional health cluster in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A three-round modified Delphi technique was employed. An initial needs assessment was conducted through a literature review and expert focus group input. It was then refined over three rounds with a panel of five multidisciplinary critical care specialists with 7 to 23 years of experience. Experts rated content relevance on a four-point scale. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), with retention thresholds set at CVR ≥ 0.99 and I-CVI ≥ 0.80. Results: The Delphi process achieved 100% of retention across all rounds. Of the 25 initial content items, 24 met the CVR and I-CVI cutoffs (CVR = 1.00, I-CVI = 1.00) and were retained. One item, "Non-pharmacological interventions" (CVR = 0.60), was excluded. The final curriculum comprised six modules totaling 2.5 hours, covering pain basics and assessment; clinical aspects of pain; pharmacological management; interdisciplinary practice; case-based application; and assessment of knowledge and skills. New items suggested by the experts and included in the final curriculum were risk stratification, complication monitoring, and documentation protocols. The final scale-level CVI was 1.00. Conclusion: This Delphi study produced an expert- and content-validated e-learning module on critical care pain management. Although strong content validity was established, the small panel size and single-region representation limit generalizability. Following pilot testing and outcome evaluation, this e-module could be used as an effective educational intervention to improve knowledge and potentially clinical practice related to pain management.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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