الطبيعة القانونية للعقود الذكية وتطورها في القانون العراقي والايراني والأردني.

This study examines the legal nature of smart contracts and their evolution within the Iraqi, Iranian, and Jordanian legal systems, in light of the digital transformation and Blockchain technology. The study aims to determine the legal classification of smart contracts, considering the absence of ex...

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Publicado en:Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies Vol. 16; no. 5; pp. 1945 - 1971
Autores principales: غ ي ث ع ب دالك ي م ج ا, علي العلوي القزو
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) May2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: الطبيعة القانونية للعقود الذكية وتطورها في القانون العراقي والايراني والأردني.
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          غ ي ث ع ب دالك ي م ج ا
          علي العلوي القزو
        affil: برديس فارابي / كلية القانون.
      su:
        Contracts
        Contract theory
        Blockchains
        Digital transformation
        Practice of law
        Legal doctrines
        Justice administration
        Iraq
        Iran
        Jordan
      sug:
        subj:
          Iraq
          Iran
          Jordan
          Contracts
          Contract theory
          Blockchains
          Digital transformation
          Practice of law
          Legal doctrines
          Justice administration
      keyword:
        evolution
        legal nature
        legal regulation
        smart contracts
        traditional contracts
        التطور العقود التقليدية
        التنظيم القانوني
        الطبيعة القانونية
        العقود الذكية
      ab: This study examines the legal nature of smart contracts and their evolution within the Iraqi, Iranian, and Jordanian legal systems, in light of the digital transformation and Blockchain technology. The study aims to determine the legal classification of smart contracts, considering the absence of explicit legislative regulation, and to discuss their applicability to the traditional contract theory, while analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. It is revealed that smart contracts are selfexecuting digital agreements based on programmed conditions (if…then), and are considered full-fledged legal contracts despite the difference in the means of expression and the mechanism of execution. These contracts often fall within the scope of adhesion contracts due to their connection to standardized, ready-made agreements. Legislatively, the laws of Iraq, Iran, and Jordan have not explicitly addressed smart contracts, but they have provided a preliminary framework through electronic transactions and signatures laws. The study concludes that these countries are still in an early foundational stage regarding the regulation of smart contracts, necessitating legislative intervention to resolve issues related to self-execution, central control, and the protection of contracting parties' rights. Introduction The digital revolution has given rise to "smart contracts," computer programs that automatically execute contract terms on blockchain platforms. This technological development has raised a fundamental legal question regarding the legal nature of these contracts. The smart contract lies at the intersection of the rapidly evolving digital world and the established legal world, prompting the question: can it be included within the traditional definition of a contract in civil law? Or is it a new entity requiring its own specific legal framework?.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: Arabic
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