| Sumario: | This study explored the evolving landscape of home care work in the context of Japan's aging society and long‐term care policies. Facing unprecedented demographic challenges, including a rapidly aging population and an increasing demand for care resources, Japan's government has implemented important reforms. Despite these efforts, gaps remain in meeting the diverse care needs of older adults, particularly those with heavy care needs and dementia. Drawing on data from the NORDCARE survey conducted in Japan in 2012 and 2022, this study examined how home care work situations have transformed over the past decade, focusing on the working conditions and tasks conducted by home care workers. The findings revealed a nuanced picture of the home care sector, with both positive developments and persistent challenges. This study identified an increase in full‐time employment among home care workers and a higher level of satisfaction with their working hours, suggesting potential improvements in employment stability and work–life balance. However, despite these advancements, considerable work‐related problems persist, including heavy workloads, limited discretion, and weak support from supervisors and colleagues. These challenges not only impact the care staff but also have implications for the quality of care provided to older adults. Moreover, this study highlights the continued focus of home care on older adults with relatively low care needs. Domestic tasks remain prevalent over the decade, while social support received less emphasis. The findings indicate an increase in the number of clients cared for by each care worker during the daytime, reflecting the growing pressure on home care workforce. This study highlights the need to understand home care workers' daily realities and care provision complexities in aging societies. Despite policy reforms, more comprehensive measures are needed to address workforce shortages and ensure sustainable, high‐quality home care services.
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