Partisan news users in the United States and India on either side seldom use fact checkers.

Fact checkers have low reach, and their limited efficacy is often attributed to perceived partisanship. Yet little research exists investigating the reach of or engagement with fact checkers among their intended audiences. We argue that given their small audience size, fact checkers' usage is likely...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Communication Vol. 76; no. 3; pp. 236 - 248
Main Authors: Ray, Rik, Bhalla, Sakshi, Taneja, Harsh
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Jun2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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        atl: Partisan news users in the United States and India on either side seldom use fact checkers.
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          Ray, Rik
          Bhalla, Sakshi
          Taneja, Harsh
        affil: Institute of Communications Research, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
      su:
        Twitter (Web resource)
        Misinformation
        Partisanship
        Social media
        Fact checking
        Fact checking in politics
        News audiences
        News consumption
      sug:
        subj:
          Misinformation
          Partisanship
          Social media
          Fact checking
          Fact checking in politics
          News audiences
          News consumption
          Twitter (Web resource)
      keyword:
        audiences
        copyrightHolder:International Communication Association
        copyrightYear:2026
        double jeopardy
        fact checkers
        heavy media users
        India
        inLanguage:en
        misinformation
        news consumption
        partisan media
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf018
        social media
        audiences
        copyrightHolder:International Communication Association
        copyrightYear:2026
        double jeopardy
        fact checkers
        heavy media users
        India
        inLanguage:en
        misinformation
        news consumption
        partisan media
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf018
        social media
      ab: Fact checkers have low reach, and their limited efficacy is often attributed to perceived partisanship. Yet little research exists investigating the reach of or engagement with fact checkers among their intended audiences. We argue that given their small audience size, fact checkers' usage is likely driven by heavy media users regardless of their partisan leanings. We examined a slice of Twitter (X) users, following certain partisan and fact checking outlets from India and the United States. Our analysis of over 7 million news users suggests that exposure to and engagement with fact checkers remains largely restricted to heavier users, with little evidence that these interventions penetrate among selectively partisan news audiences. This study is thus among the first to highlight complementary explanations for the limited efficacy of fact checkers beyond the partisan inclinations of either audiences or news outlets.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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      src: R
    language: English
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