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Comparative analysis of measurement discrepancy and reliability between direct and scanner-based methods in hand anthropometry.

Accurate hand anthropometry underpins ergonomics, product design, medical applications, and occupational safety. Direct caliper-based measurement (DM) is labor-intensive and operator-dependent, whereas two-dimensional flatbed scanning (SC) has been advanced as a faster alternative, with validity for...

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Published in:Work p. 1
Main Authors: Inprom, Jakkapong, Pochana, Klangduen, Chaiprapat, Supapan
Format: Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Jun2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        194480760
        10.1177/10519815261458341
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        atl: Comparative analysis of measurement discrepancy and reliability between direct and scanner-based methods in hand anthropometry.
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        au:
          Inprom, Jakkapong
          Pochana, Klangduen
          Chaiprapat, Supapan
        affil: Smart Industry Research Center, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
      sug:
      ab: Accurate hand anthropometry underpins ergonomics, product design, medical applications, and occupational safety. Direct caliper-based measurement (DM) is labor-intensive and operator-dependent, whereas two-dimensional flatbed scanning (SC) has been advanced as a faster alternative, with validity for small anatomical landmarks remaining uncertain.The objective of this study was to quantify between-method agreement and time efficiency of two-dimensional flatbed scanning (SC) relative to direct caliper measurement (DM).In this study, 56 hand dimensions (36 lengths, 20 breadths) were obtained from 40 Thai adults (20 males, 20 females) by DM and SC. Between-method agreement were evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM (%TEM), and the coefficient of reliability (R). Time efficiency was quantified from average technician time and participant handling time.Pre-specified acceptability criteria (MAE ≤ 1 mm; TEM ≤ 2 cm; %TEM ≤ 1.5%; R ≥ 0.80) were satisfied by 42 of 56 dimensions (75%). Lengths and general breadths showed high agreement with the reference and strong repeatability (%TEM < 1.5%; R > 0.95), whereas small features—particularly finger-joint breadths < 25 mm—exhibited larger errors (%TEM 2.25–4.90%) and lower reliability (R < 0.80). Technician time was reduced from 30.85 to 14.10 min with SC, and participant handling was minimized (∼2.10 min).Overall, SC can be adopted as a rapid, low-burden method for most hand dimensions, while refined protocols (e.g., increased image resolution, controlled hand pressure and posture, or equipment calibration) are indicated for sub-25-mm landmarks to ensure precision and strengthen population-specific anthropometric databases.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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