Unveiling Epidemiologic Insights: A Case–Control Study of Congenital Cleft Lip and/or Palate Using Association Rule Mining.

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent birth abnormalities and is caused by incomplete growth and failure to close components of the face. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic features of patients with congenital CLP and identify risk factors...

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Publicado en:BioMed Research International Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 12
Autores principales: Delshad, Salaheddin, Mousavi, Seyed Mohsen Laal, Alidadi, Maryam, Sabahi, Azam, Hajavi, Abazar, Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad, Rezayi, Sorayya, Shahmoradi, Leila, Banerjee, Baisakhi
Formato: computer program equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 6/11/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 6/11/2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        10.1155/bmri/1011204
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        atl: Unveiling Epidemiologic Insights: A Case–Control Study of Congenital Cleft Lip and/or Palate Using Association Rule Mining.
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        au:
          Delshad, Salaheddin
          Mousavi, Seyed Mohsen Laal
          Alidadi, Maryam
          Sabahi, Azam
          Hajavi, Abazar
          Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad
          Rezayi, Sorayya
          Shahmoradi, Leila
          Banerjee, Baisakhi
        affil: Charity Foundation for Supporting Children With Congenital Malformation (MOHKAM) Institute,, Tehran, Iran
      sug:
        subj:
          Cleft Lip Epidemiology
          Cleft Palate Epidemiology
          Data Mining
          Cleft Palate Risk Factors
          Cleft Lip Risk Factors
          Risk Assessment
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Case Control Studies
          Iran
          Descriptive Research
          Descriptive Statistics
          Algorithms
          Cosmetics Adverse Effects
          Pregnancy
          Substance Abuse, Perinatal Complications
          Birth Order
          Maternal Age
          Geographic Factors
          Sociodemographic Factors
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Human Growth Hormone Deficiency
          Esophageal Atresia Complications
          Clubfoot
          Comorbidity
          Confidence Intervals
          Delivery, Obstetric
          Smoking Complications
          Data Analysis Software
          Fisher's Exact Test
          Pregnancy Complications Risk Factors
          Family History
          Maternal Behavior
          Infant, Drug-Exposed
          Folic Acid Deficiency Complications
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent birth abnormalities and is caused by incomplete growth and failure to close components of the face. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic features of patients with congenital CLP and identify risk factors associated with the disorder. Methods: The study used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for reporting on 1341 CLP patient records from MOHKAM Institute in Iran. We conducted a descriptive analysis on records spanning from September 2006 to May 2023. After applying eligibility criteria, 950 CLP cases and 950 controls with other congenital conditions were included. Data preprocessing removed bias. We then analyzed the preprocessed dataset using descriptive statistics, association rule mining (ARM), and the Apriori algorithm. Results: The study revealed that 88% of mothers did not use cosmetics during pregnancy. Additionally, 9% of cases had a history of disease during pregnancy, and 6% had a history of drug use. The study also examined the birth order of children and found that the highest number of children with congenital diseases occurred between the first and third children of the family. The age distribution of mothers showed the highest frequency in the age range of 18–24 years in both the case and control groups, whereas the frequency of fathers was highest in the age range of over 41 years. ARM identified five association rules with confidence values exceeding 0.567, indicating moderate associations between combined demographic and geographic variables and CLP occurrence. The rules demonstrated weak‐to‐moderate lift values, suggesting nonrandom associations within the dataset. Conclusion: Several maternal and familial factors, including pregnancy‐related conditions and parental age, were associated with CLP. Given the multifactorial nature of CLP and its susceptibility to multiple genetic and environmental influences, further large‐scale and multicenter studies are required to validate these associations and explore additional contributing factors.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        computer program
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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