Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most prevalent benign tumors among women of reproductive age and are associated with significant morbidity. According to recent data, vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to their onset and progression. Objectives: To examine the relationship betwe...

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Published in:Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 1 - 10
Main Authors: Alizadeh, Roghieh, Sharami, Seyedeh Reyhaneh Yousefi, Hemmati, Zeinab, Seyedoshohadaei, Fariba, Soofizadeh, Nasrin
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Brieflands Jun2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
      vid: 13
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        atl: Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Alizadeh, Roghieh
          Sharami, Seyedeh Reyhaneh Yousefi
          Hemmati, Zeinab
          Seyedoshohadaei, Fariba
          Soofizadeh, Nasrin
        affil: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
      sug:
        subj:
          Vitamin D Blood
          Biological Markers Blood
          Vitamin D Deficiency Complications
          Leiomyoma Risk Factors
          Uterine Neoplasms Risk Factors
          Risk Assessment
          Premenopause
          Human
          Female
          Adult
          Case Control Studies
          Association (Research)
          Hospitals
          Iran
          Leiomyoma Ultrasonography
          Questionnaires
          Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
          Endosonography
          Abdomen Ultrasonography
          Logistic Regression
          Chi Square Test
          T-Tests
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Convenience Sample
          Leiomyoma Epidemiology
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
      ab: Background: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most prevalent benign tumors among women of reproductive age and are associated with significant morbidity. According to recent data, vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to their onset and progression. Objectives: To examine the relationship between uterine leiomyomas and blood vitamin D levels in premenopausal women. Methods: Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 200 women participated in this age-matched case-control study at Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. 100 women with ultrasound-confirmed leiomyomas (≥ 2 cm) were enrolled as cases, and 100 women without leiomyomas served as controls. To reduce measurement bias, all ultrasounds were performed by a single radiologist, and standardized morning blood sampling was used. Demographic data were collected via questionnaires, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified using the Arya Mabna enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Fibroid characteristics were assessed by transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound. Logistic regression, chi-square, and t -tests were applied in Stata 16. Results: Women with leiomyomas had a considerably lower mean blood vitamin D level than controls (19.96 ± 10.78 vs. 26.46 ± 13.29 ng/mL, P = 0.009). Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was associated with a 3.5-fold higher risk of leiomyoma (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.36 - 8.99). Mean fibroid volume was significantly greater among vitamin D-deficient women (236,757 ± 250,416 mm³) compared to those with sufficient levels (41,602 ± 65,573 mm³, P = 0.003). Vitamin D levels did not significantly correlate with the number or type of fibroid. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with the presence and larger volume of uterine leiomyomas, although no significant correlations were found with fibroid type or number. These findings support the potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive or therapeutic option. Larger prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm these associations.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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