Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023.
Background/Objective: Depressive disorders represent a major global health challenge, with inflammation and insulin resistance identified as key pathophysiological factors. The C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index (CTI), a novel composite biomarker integrating the inflammatory and metabolic...
| Publicado en: | Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Vol. 54; no. 2; pp. 455 - 467 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Maria Lopez-Ibor
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lth&AN=194562705&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: lth uiTerm: 194562705 longDbName: MedicLatina uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 11399287 IVZ jtl: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria issn: 11399287 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2026 vid: 54 iid: 2 pid: 80014 pub: Maria Lopez-Ibor artinfo: ui: 194562705 10.62641/aep.v54i2.2163 ppf: 455 ppct: 12 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P size: 1.5MB tig: atl: Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023. aug: au: Liu, Dan Qi, Wenye Zhu, Chunying affil: Department of Clinical Psychology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), 314000 Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China. Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Deqing County, 313201 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310036 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310036 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. su: Mental depression Biomarkers Insulin resistance Cross-sectional method National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey C-reactive protein Metabolic syndrome Inflammation United States sug: subj: United States Mental depression Biomarkers Insulin resistance Cross-sectional method National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey C-reactive protein Metabolic syndrome Inflammation keyword: depression inflammation insulin resistance triglyceride glucose index ab: Background/Objective: Depressive disorders represent a major global health challenge, with inflammation and insulin resistance identified as key pathophysiological factors. The C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index (CTI), a novel composite biomarker integrating the inflammatory and metabolic pathways, has demonstrated enhanced predictive value in cardiometabolic diseases. However, its relationship with depression remains unexplored. This study examined the association between CTI and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative U.S. adult population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with scores ≥10 indicating clinically significant symptoms. CTI was calculated as 0.412 × Ln(CRP) + Ln[triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate CTI–depression associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and laboratory parameters. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed dose–response relationships, and subgroup analyses examined consistency across demographic and clinical strata. Results: Among 15,318 participants (mean age 48.97 years; 49.78% female), 8.73% exhibited depressive symptoms. After comprehensive adjustment, each unit increase in CTI corresponded to a 23% increase in the risks of depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.36, p = 0.0001). Participants in the highest CTI tertile demonstrated 48% elevated odds compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17– 1.86, p = 0.0009), with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.0005). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear dose–response relationship (p for nonlinearity = 0.1665). Associations remained consistent across age, sex, race/ethnicity and comorbidity subgroups (all p for interaction >0.05). Conclusion: Elevated CTI levels are independently associated with increased depression risk in U.S. adults, demonstrating a linear dose–response relationship. CTI may serve as a practical screening tool for identifying individuals at heightened depression risk, enabling integrated cardiometabolic–mental health interventions. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria holder: Maria Lopez-Ibor dt: @attributes: year: 2026 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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