Absolute Pitch Shapes the Temporal Binding Window for Audiovisual Speech Perception in Noisy Environments.

Purpose: Absolute pitch (AP) is an inherent musical trait characterized by the ability to identify musical notes without a reference tone. Emerging evidence suggests that AP is also associated with nonmusical abilities, such as speech perception, beyond its typical musical context. However, it remai...

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Published in:Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 69; no. 6; pp. 2498 - 2516
Main Authors: Hsieh, I-Hui, Tseng, Pei-Chuen
Format: Article
Published: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Jun2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
      vid: 69
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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        194600808
        10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00520
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        atl: Absolute Pitch Shapes the Temporal Binding Window for Audiovisual Speech Perception in Noisy Environments.
      aug:
        au:
          Hsieh, I-Hui
          Tseng, Pei-Chuen
        affil:
          Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
          Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
      su:
        Taiwan
        Music
        Ecology
        Task performance
        Autism
        Psychometrics
        Audiovisual materials
        Masking (Psychology)
        Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Noise
        Research funding
        Professional practice
        T-test (Statistics)
        Data analysis
        Sensorimotor integration
        Questionnaires
        Two-way analysis of variance
        Musical perception
        Descriptive statistics
        Listening
        One-way analysis of variance
        Statistics
        Speech perception
        Asperger's syndrome
        Data analysis software
        Musical pitch
      sug:
        subj:
          Music
          Ecology
          Task performance
          Autism
          Psychometrics
          Taiwan
          Audiovisual materials
          Masking (Psychology)
          Pearson correlation (Statistics)
          Noise
          Research funding
          Professional practice
          T-test (Statistics)
          Data analysis
          Sensorimotor integration
          Questionnaires
          Two-way analysis of variance
          Musical perception
          Descriptive statistics
          Listening
          One-way analysis of variance
          Statistics
          Speech perception
          Asperger's syndrome
          Data analysis software
          Musical pitch
      ab: Purpose: Absolute pitch (AP) is an inherent musical trait characterized by the ability to identify musical notes without a reference tone. Emerging evidence suggests that AP is also associated with nonmusical abilities, such as speech perception, beyond its typical musical context. However, it remains unclear how AP modulates speech perception when multisensory cues are involved. This study therefore investigates how AP modulates audiovisual speech perception in noise and how AP-related traits, including musicality and the five domains of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), relate to multisensory speech processing. Method: Seventy-four participants, comprising AP musicians, non-AP musicians, and nonmusicians, judged the audiovisual asynchrony and temporal order of speech stimuli under various stimulus onset asynchronies (±360, ±300, ±240, ±180, ±120, ±60, and 0 ms) to estimate their temporal binding windows. To assess audiovisual speech perception, participants identified audiovisual, audio-only, and visual-only Mandarin speech masked in noise at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs; 0, -6, -9, and -12 dB). AP-related functions, including perceptual musical skills and autistic traits across the five AQ domains, were also evaluated. Results: AP musicians exhibited significantly wider temporal binding windows for audiovisual speech, reflecting weaker integration ability. This reduced temporal integration was associated with poorer audiovisual speech perception in noise. Specifically, AP musicians derived smaller audiovisual speech benefits, particularly under less challenging listening conditions (i.e., 0 and -6 dB SNR). In contrast, non-AP musicians and nonmusicians showed similarly enhanced audiovisual benefits, suggesting no musician advantage when AP ability is comparable. Notably, the widening of temporal binding windows in AP musicians correlated with higher autistic traits but was unrelated to music training (e.g., age of onset or cumulative practice). Conclusions: Collectively, these results provide no evidence of a musician advantage for audiovisual speech perception in noisy environments. Instead, AP is associated with an enlarged audiovisual temporal binding window, which correlates with deficits in audiovisual speech perception. Our findings suggest that AP can influence multisensory speech processing, with implications for enhancing speech comprehension through multisensory-focused training across various settings.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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