Evaluation of AI Chatbots in Tooth Avulsion Management According to the International Association of Dental Traumatology Guidelines.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which widely used artificial intelligence (Al)-based chatbots adhere to the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for the management of tooth avulsion and to assess the accuracy of the bibliographic references...

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Publicado en:Lokman Hekim Health Sciences Vol. 6; no. 2; pp. 255 - 268
Autores principales: Özdemir, Merve, Manav, Esra Yıldırım
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: KARE Publishing Jun2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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      pub: KARE Publishing
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        10.14744/lhhs.2026.38881
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        atl: Evaluation of AI Chatbots in Tooth Avulsion Management According to the International Association of Dental Traumatology Guidelines.
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        au:
          Özdemir, Merve
          Manav, Esra Yıldırım
        affil: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Türkiye
      sug:
        subj:
          Artificial Intelligence
          Chatbot
          Tooth Avulsion Therapy
          Dental Organizations
          Guideline Adherence
          Bibliography and References
          International Agencies
          Human
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Dental Care
          Quality of Health Care
          Decision Support Systems, Clinical
          Emergency Care
      ab: Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which widely used artificial intelligence (Al)-based chatbots adhere to the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for the management of tooth avulsion and to assess the accuracy of the bibliographic references (i.e., complete citation details including title, authors, journal, year, and DOI) they generate. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study assessed four AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT-5.2, Perplexity AI, Gemini 2.5 Flash, and DeepSeek-v3.2) using ten standardized, clinician-directed avulsion scenarios aligned with the 2020 IADT guidelines. Each scenario was submitted once per chatbot, without iterative prompting, on 3 January 2026. Scenarios varied by extra-oral dry time, storage medium, apex maturity, dentition type, and replantation timing. Responses were evaluated using the 9-item IADT Compliance Index. Bibliographic accuracy was assessed using the reference hallucination score (RHS). Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in overall normalized compliance scores among the chatbots (p=0.089). However, significant between-model differences emerged in technically critical domains, including root surface cleaning (p=0.017), and splint type and duration (p<0.001). ChatGPT-5.2 and Perplexity AI consistently outperformed Gemini 2.5 Flash and DeepSeek-v3.2. Although RHS values did not differ significantly between models (p=0.114), all chatbots demonstrated occasional reference hallucinations. Discussion and Conclusion: Performance was higher in simpler scenarios, such as immediate replantation, whereas more complex conditions - particularly prolonged dry time and primary tooth avulsion - showed lower compliance and greater variability. Although chatbots reproduce general principles, limitations restrict reliability; thus, they should be used with clinician supervision.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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