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Executive function in schizoaffective disorder: A comparative study with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and normal controls.

Background: Schizoaffective disorder (SAD), in current literature, lies clinically and prognostically between schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), with some overlapping neuropsychological deficits in them. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any diff...

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Published in:Indian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 68; no. 6; pp. 545 - 552
Main Authors: Sen, Devosri, Sinha, Vinod K., Jayaswal, Meera, Biswas, Partha S.
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd Jun2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        00195545
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      jtl: Indian Journal of Psychiatry
      issn: 00195545
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    pubinfo:
      dt: Jun2026
      vid: 68
      iid: 6
      pid: 16919
      pub: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd
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        194758777
        194758777
        194758777
        10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_829_25
        194758777
      ppf: 545
      ppct: 7
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      tig:
        atl: Executive function in schizoaffective disorder: A comparative study with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and normal controls.
      aug:
        au:
          Sen, Devosri
          Sinha, Vinod K.
          Jayaswal, Meera
          Biswas, Partha S.
        affil: Department of Clinical Psychology, CIP, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
      sug:
        subj:
          Schizoaffective Disorder Symptoms
          Schizophrenia Symptoms
          Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
          Affective Disorders, Psychotic Symptoms
          Executive Function Evaluation
          Human
          Comparative Studies
          Psychiatric Patients
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Nonprobability Sample
          Purposive Sample
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Confidence Intervals
          Descriptive Statistics
          Impulsive Behavior
          Risk Taking Behavior
          Neuropsychology
          Hospitals, Psychiatric
          India
          Data Analysis Software
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          Chi Square Test
          T-Tests
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Kruskal-Wallis Test
          Nonparametric Statistics
          Mann-Whitney U Test
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Schizoaffective disorder (SAD), in current literature, lies clinically and prognostically between schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), with some overlapping neuropsychological deficits in them. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any difference in executive functions among patients of schizoaffective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar affective disorder with psychotic symptoms (BPAD) and normal controls (NC). Methods: Data were collected by a non-probability purposive sampling technique from a total of 114 psychotic in-patients using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using standard laboratory procedure, executive functions (Trail Making Test, TMT; Stroop Color-Word Test, SCWT; Spatial Working Memory, SWM; Stockings of Cambridge, SOC; Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift, IEDS) of 23 consecutive consenting clinically stable patients of SAD (manic type) were compared with 23 matched (age, gender and handedness) consenting clinically stable patients of each SCZ, psychotic BPAD and NC subjects. Results: Significantly more executive function deficits due to low CW score (F = 35.11,95% CI = 32.12 to 37.09, P <.001), more Stroop interference (F = 6.53,95% CI = 5.12 to 7.11, P <.001) in SCWT and more SWM errors (F = 19.08,95% CI = 17.42 to 21.34, P <.001) were noted in SAD patients than BPAD patients. NC and bipolar group had gradually reduced their percentage of bets in CGT, as they passed through higher probability to lower probability ratios. But both SAD and SCZ patients could not follow this concept, and thus they showed more impulsivity or risk-taking behavior. Conclusion: The CW score, and Stroop interference and number of errors of SWM can differentiate SAD patients from BPAD. The percentage of bets placed in different probability ratios in CGT can differentiate SAD and SCZ patients from BPAD patients neuropsychologically.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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