"We Don't Normally Go Down This Avenue; This Is Normally Taboo": Using Co‐Design to Develop a Training Intervention for Spiritual Health in Primary Care.

Introduction: Spiritual health is an important component of holistic health and social care provision; however, previous research highlights a training gap in this area. The SHARP (Spiritual Health Awareness and Recommendations in Primary Care) project used co‐design processes informed by the Person...

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Publicado en:Health Expectations Vol. 29; no. 3; pp. 1 - 14
Autores principales: Whitehead, Ishbel Orla, Adley, Mark, Thompson, Alexandra, Westhead, Elizabeth, Politis, Marina, Mordue, Philip, O'Donnell, Amy, Hanratty, Barbara
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Jun2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: "We Don't Normally Go Down This Avenue; This Is Normally Taboo": Using Co‐Design to Develop a Training Intervention for Spiritual Health in Primary Care.
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          Whitehead, Ishbel Orla
          Adley, Mark
          Thompson, Alexandra
          Westhead, Elizabeth
          Politis, Marina
          Mordue, Philip
          O'Donnell, Amy
          Hanratty, Barbara
        affil: Population Health Sciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, , United Kingdom
      sug:
        subj:
          Primary Health Care
          Spiritual Care
          Staff Development
          Language
          Professional Identity
          Power
          Funding Source
          United Kingdom
          Human
          Health Services Research
          Seminars and Workshops
          Thematic Analysis
          Data Analysis Software
          Spirituality
          Physicians, Family
          Chaplains
          Caregivers
          Holistic Health
          Patient Participation
          Patient Centered Care
      ab: Introduction: Spiritual health is an important component of holistic health and social care provision; however, previous research highlights a training gap in this area. The SHARP (Spiritual Health Awareness and Recommendations in Primary Care) project used co‐design processes informed by the Person‐Based Approach (PBA) to develop a training intervention to address this gap. This paper evaluates the process of using co‐design within this sensitive, stigmatised topic area that faces challenges in terms of language, identity, power and strongly held values‐based opinions. Methods: Five co‐design workshops were held with a diverse mix of participants including GPs, social prescribers, primary care staff, chaplains, carers, patients and members of the public. Data sources included workshop transcripts, observer notes and post‐workshop participant surveys. Thematic analysis was conducted deductively in line with a co‐design evaluation framework, where we considered people‐level outcomes within and without the co‐design group, process outcomes and system‐level and sustainment outcomes. Results and Analysis: Thirty‐eight participants took part in the workshops. Analysis identified co‐design outcomes at people, group, research process and system‐level. Participants valued having space to express views on a sensitive and often taboo topic, with 'being heard' functioning as a prerequisite for engagement and reported high levels of engagement. Professional hierarchies and outsider status persisted despite conscious facilitation efforts, while pragmatic design choices shaped participation, continuity and collective action. The professional mix of participants supported whole‐team thinking about implementation, although recruitment of motivated participants may have limited the identification of additional barriers to change. Conclusion: The SHARP project provides important lessons on the use of co‐design in sensitive and value‐laden research topics. Specifically, for researchers to be attentive to participants' need to be heard, active management of power and hierarchy, and explicit negotiation of pragmatic constraints. Mixed‐group co‐design can support whole‐team thinking about implementation, while reflexive awareness of who is included remains critical to understanding what barriers may be surfaced or missed. Patient and Public Contribution: Patients, carers and members of the public were actively involved in the design, conduct and interpretation of this study. Public contributors and people with lived experience of primary care were recruited as equal participants within the co‐design workshops alongside clinicians and other stakeholders, where they contributed to discussions, activities and decision‐making that shaped the content, format and implementation considerations of the SHARP training intervention. Patient and public contributors also informed interpretation of findings through their reflections on workshop processes and perceived relevance to patient care. In addition, members of an established patient and public involvement group were consulted prior to and following the co‐design process to advise on acceptability, burden on primary care services and communication of the intervention to patients and the public. Their feedback directly informed refinement of the intervention and dissemination materials.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
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        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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