Detailed Assessment of the Speed of Handwriting – 2nd Edition (DASH-2): Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Age and Sex.

The Detailed Assessment of the Speed of Handwriting-2 combines and extends previous versions of the test. This study examined the factor structure and presents the first analysis of measurement invariance across two age groups (8–16, 17–25) and sex. The normative sample comprised 762 examinees from...

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Publicado en:Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment Vol. 44; no. 5; pp. 494 - 511
Autores principales: Barnett, Anna L., Henderson, Sheila E., Scheib, Beverly, Vannier, Louis-Charles
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Aug2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2026
      vid: 44
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Detailed Assessment of the Speed of Handwriting – 2nd Edition (DASH-2): Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Age and Sex.
      aug:
        au:
          Barnett, Anna L.
          Henderson, Sheila E.
          Scheib, Beverly
          Vannier, Louis-Charles
        affil: Centre for Psychological Research, Oxford Brookes University, UK
      sug:
        subj:
          Handwriting Evaluation
          Handwriting Evaluation
          Handwriting Evaluation
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Age Factors
          Sex Factors
          Human
          Child
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Funding Source
          Factor Analysis
          Male
          Female
          Comparative Studies
          United Kingdom
          Australia
          New Zealand
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Motor Skills Evaluation
          Agraphia Diagnosis
          Dyslexia Diagnosis
          Motor Skills Disorders Diagnosis
          Psychometrics Evaluation
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          Chi Square Test
          Confidence Intervals
          Psychomotor Performance
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: The Detailed Assessment of the Speed of Handwriting-2 combines and extends previous versions of the test. This study examined the factor structure and presents the first analysis of measurement invariance across two age groups (8–16, 17–25) and sex. The normative sample comprised 762 examinees from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand who completed five tasks: Copy Best (CB), Alphabet Writing (AW), Copy Fast (CF), Free Writing (FW), and Graphic Speed (GS). As there were no significant between-country differences, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the combined data set. This supported the two-factor model corresponding to the test structure of four core tasks (CB, AW, CB, and FW) reflecting handwriting ability, with a separate measure of grapho-motor ability (GS). Multigroup CFA indicated full configural, metric, and scalar invariance for age groups and sex. The findings provide support for the test structure and reliability of the test across age and sex.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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