Effects of Heat-Moisture Exchangers and Dead Space Compensation on CO2 Clearance and Mechanical Power in Critically Ill Intubated Subjects.

Background: Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) preserve airway humidification in mechanically ventilated subjects. However, the additional instrumental dead-space (VD) may impair carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination and require an increase mechanical power (MP), both associated with higher risk of vent...

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Publicado en:Respiratory Care Vol. 71; no. 7; pp. 723 - 733
Autores principales: Dorado, Javier H., Perez, Joaquín, Steinberg, Damián, Plotnikow, Gustavo A., Bertozzi, Matías, Accoce, Matías
Formato: CEU equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Jul2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2026
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      pub: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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        atl: Effects of Heat-Moisture Exchangers and Dead Space Compensation on CO2 Clearance and Mechanical Power in Critically Ill Intubated Subjects.
      aug:
        au:
          Dorado, Javier H.
          Perez, Joaquín
          Steinberg, Damián
          Plotnikow, Gustavo A.
          Bertozzi, Matías
          Accoce, Matías
        affil: Mr. Dorado, Mr. Perez, Mr. Steinberg, Bertozzi, and Accoce are affíliated with Division of Physical Therapy and Respiratory Care, Intensive Care Unit, Sanatorio Anchorena San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
      sug:
        subj:
          Respiration, Artificial
          Nebulizers and Vaporizers
          Respiratory Dead Space Physiology
          Carbon Dioxide Blood
          Critically Ill Patients Psychosocial Factors
          Intubation, Intratracheal
          Intensive Care Units
          Tidal Volume
          Education, Continuing (Credit)
          Human
          Argentina
          Male
          Female
          Experimental Studies
          Prospective Studies
          Crossover Design
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
          Respiratory Mechanics
          Effect Size
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Two-Tailed Test
          Oxygenation
          Hemodynamics
          Airway Resistance
          Respiratory Rate
          Energy Transfer
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) preserve airway humidification in mechanically ventilated subjects. However, the additional instrumental dead-space (VD) may impair carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination and require an increase mechanical power (MP), both associated with higher risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. The physiological effects (PaCO2 and MP) of HME use and instrumental VD compensation strategies have not been comprehensively evaluated. We sought to evaluate the impact of HMEs on arterial CO2 and MP in intubated subjects undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation, and to compare the effect of compensation strategies—tidal volume (VT) or breathing frequency (f)—on CO2 and MP. Methods: Prospective crossover study including intubated adults receiving controlled mechanical ventilation. We evaluated 4 conditions. (1) HME, (2) no HME, (3) HME + high VT, (4) HME + high f. Main outcomes were PaCO2 and MP. Results: Adding the HME increased PaCO2 and ventilatory ratio and reduced arterial pH (P <.001). When VT or f was increased to compensate for the HME-associated VD, the PaCO2 decreased (P <.001) but the MP increased (P <.001), mainly because of its resistive component. A compensation strategy based on higher VT was more effective in restoring PaCO2 to baseline levels than increasing f (P =.035); however, increasing VT augmented the global and elastic MP (P <.001 and P =.002, respectively). Conclusions: The HME impaired CO2 elimination. Increasing VT or f to compensate for the HME-associated VD increased MP. At an equivalent minute ventilation, increasing VT was more effective for CO2 clearance but may compromise lung protection. Under iso-CO2 conditions, the strategies did not differ.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        CEU
        equations & formulas
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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